“…The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study. 15 In the study, the basic facial functions, including chewing, were evaluated with the new surface electrode and showed similar to those studies by intramuscular electrodes. The ground was obtained at the frontal head using a larger gel-type electrode.…”
Section: Recordingsmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Intramuscular electrodes are usually recommended for BUC recording, but we used newly developed surface electrodes that can record BUC activities on the mucosa. The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study 15 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The other side was on the skin, fixed to the cheek with surgical tape to keep it stable. The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study 15 . In the study, the basic facial functions, including chewing, were evaluated with the new surface electrode and showed similar to those studies by intramuscular electrodes.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study. 15 In this study, we normalised the muscle activity in order to compare the EMG activities during the seven facial movements and the button-pull task. Normalisation refers to the conversion of the signal to a scale relative to a known and repeatable value.…”
Section: Limitations and Methodological Considerationsmentioning
Background
Muscle weakness negatively affects perioral muscles and quality of life. The button‐pull exercise is used to teach lip closure (LC) and to strengthen muscles. However, how the muscles accomplish LC during button‐pull and its training effect on each muscle are unknown.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the LC mechanism and the efficacy of perioral muscle training.
Methods
Electromyographic (EMG) activities were obtained from perioral muscles along with the lip closing force (LCF) and were normalised to the maximum LC activities. Correlations between muscle activities and LCF were assessed during LCF increment/decrement task. The effectiveness of training methods was evaluated during functional face tasks (FFT). The effects of button‐pull on muscles were evaluated during static loadings with two sized buttons.
Results
The muscles were active during LC, and the amplitudes changed with the LCF. In FFT, the muscles were simultaneously active and the total activity was highest during the blowing task. In button‐pull, maximum button‐pulling forces (BPFs) were significantly larger with the large button (p = .0001). In the static loading task, muscle activities increased with increasing button load. However, the small button produced significantly greater EMG activity than the large button in most of the load (p < .005).
Conclusion
LC is accomplished by the cooperation of perioral muscles. In button‐pull, a larger button requires a larger BPF, but a smaller button shows higher muscle activities. Face expression exercises compare favourably with button‐pull. Forceful LC and blowing tasks may be effective and balanced training of the perioral muscles.
“…The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study. 15 In the study, the basic facial functions, including chewing, were evaluated with the new surface electrode and showed similar to those studies by intramuscular electrodes. The ground was obtained at the frontal head using a larger gel-type electrode.…”
Section: Recordingsmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Intramuscular electrodes are usually recommended for BUC recording, but we used newly developed surface electrodes that can record BUC activities on the mucosa. The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study 15 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The other side was on the skin, fixed to the cheek with surgical tape to keep it stable. The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study 15 . In the study, the basic facial functions, including chewing, were evaluated with the new surface electrode and showed similar to those studies by intramuscular electrodes.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reliability of the new surface electrode was tested in the preceding study. 15 In this study, we normalised the muscle activity in order to compare the EMG activities during the seven facial movements and the button-pull task. Normalisation refers to the conversion of the signal to a scale relative to a known and repeatable value.…”
Section: Limitations and Methodological Considerationsmentioning
Background
Muscle weakness negatively affects perioral muscles and quality of life. The button‐pull exercise is used to teach lip closure (LC) and to strengthen muscles. However, how the muscles accomplish LC during button‐pull and its training effect on each muscle are unknown.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the LC mechanism and the efficacy of perioral muscle training.
Methods
Electromyographic (EMG) activities were obtained from perioral muscles along with the lip closing force (LCF) and were normalised to the maximum LC activities. Correlations between muscle activities and LCF were assessed during LCF increment/decrement task. The effectiveness of training methods was evaluated during functional face tasks (FFT). The effects of button‐pull on muscles were evaluated during static loadings with two sized buttons.
Results
The muscles were active during LC, and the amplitudes changed with the LCF. In FFT, the muscles were simultaneously active and the total activity was highest during the blowing task. In button‐pull, maximum button‐pulling forces (BPFs) were significantly larger with the large button (p = .0001). In the static loading task, muscle activities increased with increasing button load. However, the small button produced significantly greater EMG activity than the large button in most of the load (p < .005).
Conclusion
LC is accomplished by the cooperation of perioral muscles. In button‐pull, a larger button requires a larger BPF, but a smaller button shows higher muscle activities. Face expression exercises compare favourably with button‐pull. Forceful LC and blowing tasks may be effective and balanced training of the perioral muscles.
“…The buccinator muscle has been reported to be active during swallowing, chewing, blowing, and sucking (Perkins et al, 1977;Schieppati et al, 1989;Standring, 2020;Rathee and Jain, 2022). The buccinator muscle also helps close the lips by pulling the corners of the mouth (Shiratori et al, 2021). In addition, the buccinator muscle may act as a sphincter and play a role in regulating the parotid duct (Kang et al, 2006;Amano et al, 2010Amano et al, , 2013.…”
Most previous studies addressing dysphagia examined individuals who already had diseases causing dysphagia and did not pay much attention to oral health conditions as a risk factor. This pilot study investigated 62 healthy adults aged 65 years or older who were living independently in the community, performed basic activities of daily living independently, and had no history of a causative disease of dysphagia to identify the factors associated with dysphagia risk, especially oral health. The Dysphagia Risk Assessment Scale was used to screen the patients for dysphagia. Hyposalivation was diagnosed by evaluating the unstimulated salivary flow rate, and orofacial muscle strength (anterior tongue elevation, buccinator muscle, and lip strength) was quantitatively measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. To analyze the factors associated with dysphagia risk, the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. In the final regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, the oral health-related factors independently associated with dysphagia risk were buccinator muscle strength, hyposalivation, and subjective masticatory discomfort (p < 0.05). Therefore, our findings suggest that weak buccinator muscle strength, hyposalivation, and subjective masticatory discomfort are valuable indicators for the early detection of dysphagia in older, healthy, independent, community-dwelling adults.
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