New Method for the Rapid Extraction of Natural Products: Efficient Isolation of Shikimic Acid from Star Anise

Just, Jérémy; Deans, Bianca J.; Olivier, Wesley J.; Paull, Brett; Bissember, Alex C.; Smith, Jason A.

doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00936

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Cells were then washed at least three times using phosphate-buffered saline and treated with FITC-phalloidin for 1 h, followed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining for 10 min. The pit formation assay was performed as previously described [7].…”

Section: F-actin Ring Formation and Pit Formation Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shikimic Acid Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Vivo and in Vitro by Blocking RANK/TRAF6 Association and Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Chen

Zhai

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Bone homeostasis is associated with the balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Unbalanced bone homeostasis as a result of reduced osteogenesis or excessive osteoclastogenesis can lead to disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Shikimic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, reported to exhibit pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, its effects on bone homeostasis remain unknown. Methods: First, the in vitro MTT cell viability assay was performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and actin ring formation assays, as well as immunofluorescence staining were then performed to evaluate osteoclastogenesis. Potential signaling pathways were characterized by western blotting and verified in overexpression experiments. Related factors were examined by western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and co-immunoprecipitation. Ovariectomized mice were used for the in vivo study. Results: TRAP staining showed that shikimic acid significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and pit resorption in bone marrow monocytes and RAW264.7 cells, and actin ring formation assays showed that shikimic acid suppressed the bone resorption function of osteoclasts. Furthermore, shikimic acid inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB RANK/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) association, suppressed nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and downregulated nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1. The expression of osteoclastogenesis biomarkers, including TRAF6, calcitonin receptor, TRAP, cathepsin K, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, was inhibited. In vivo, shikimic acid also significantly ameliorated bone loss and prevented osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized mice. Conclusion: Shikimic acid inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function by blocking RANK ligand-induced recruitment of TRAF6, as well as downstream signaling pathways in vitro. Shikimic acid also reduced ovariectomy-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in vivo.

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Section: F-actin Ring Formation and Pit Formation Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, intracellular Ca 2+ is released, and NFATc1 is activated and osteoclastogenesis is promoted [5]. Previous studies demonstrated that overactive osteoclast function could also be induced by a deficiency of estrogen accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and RANKL after menopause [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shikimic Acid Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Vivo and in Vitro by Blocking RANK/TRAF6 Association and Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Chen

Zhai

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Active ingredients were extracted from BM (Chinese variety; sourced from local vegetable super market in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia labelled as bitter melon) by pressurised hot water using a modification of a method previously described for natural product isolation [27, 28]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitter melon protects against ER stress in LS174T colonic epithelial cells

Kunde

Chong

Nerurkar

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundBitter Melon (BM) has been used as a functional food in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for many generations and has gained a great deal of attention due to its apparent benefits in moderating some of the pathogenic processes in a variety of inflammatory conditions. BM extract (BME) has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant properties. In addition, it can ameliorate oxidative stress and potentially ER stress. There is increasing evidence that oxidative and ER stress are major contributors for intestinal secretory cell dysfunction which leads to local inflammation and disease pathogenesis that are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Hence, the search for potential therapeutics against ER stress and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial secretory cells may provide valuable resources for the management of IBD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of BME in ameliorating ER stress in colonic epithelial cells.MethodsHuman colonic adenocarcinoma LS174T cells were used for the assessment of BME effects on colonic epithelial cells in vitro. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue exclusion and the effect of BME in ameliorating tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress was determined by analysing the mRNA expression of the common ER stress markers; ATF6, XBP1, GRP78, CHOP and PERK by quantitative RT-PCR and GRP78 and CHOP by western blot.ResultsIn the absence of ER stress, BME exhibited no cell toxicity up to 2.0% w/v and no significant effect on the basal mRNA expression of ER stress markers in LS174T cells. In contrast, pre-treatment of LS174T cells with BME followed by induction of ER stress resulted in a significant decrease in mRNA expression of ATF6, XBP1, GRP78, CHOP and PERK and protein expression of GRP78 and CHOP. Co-treatment during induction of ER stress and post- treatment following induction of ER Stress in LS174T cells resulted in a lower but still significant reduction in mRNA expression levels of most ER stress markers.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies demonstrating the efficacy of BME in reducing expression of ER stress markers in colonic epithelial cells suggesting the potential of BME as a dietary intervention in ameliorating ER stress and oxidation in IBD. Interestingly, while the most significant effect was seen with pre-treatment of cells with BME there was a reduced but still significant effect when co-treated or even post-treated. This suggests that BME may even be effective in modulating ER stress in the face of an existing cell stress environment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1522-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…[17] In 2015, a pilot study demonstrated that an unmodified conventional espresso machine could be repurposed to facilitate efficient natural products extraction and, by doing so, better enable isolation studies (vide infra). [18] Minimal sample preparation is required for this particular method of PHWE. Plant material is dried and ground prior to extraction to reduce particle size, aid packing and assist the penetration of extraction solvent into the sample matrix.…”

Section: Accelerated Solvent Extraction (Ase)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Applications of Water‐based Extraction Methods in Natural Products Isolation Chemistry

et al. 2020

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This minireview presents and discusses natural product isolation studies that have been facilitated using predominately water‐based extraction methods over the past twenty years. The development and applications of new techniques for enabling natural products chemistry are examined. This includes techniques such as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE). The latter, in particular, arguably represents an emerging approach that can allow for the rapid, efficient, and practical extraction of natural products by more environmentally‐benign approaches.

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New Method for the Rapid Extraction of Natural Products: Efficient Isolation of Shikimic Acid from Star Anise

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Shikimic Acid Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Vivo and in Vitro by Blocking RANK/TRAF6 Association and Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Shikimic Acid Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Vivo and in Vitro by Blocking RANK/TRAF6 Association and Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Bitter melon protects against ER stress in LS174T colonic epithelial cells

Development and Applications of Water‐based Extraction Methods in Natural Products Isolation Chemistry

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