New method for determination of trihalomethanes in exhaled breath: Applications to swimming pool and bath environments

Lourencetti, Carolina; Ballester, Clara; Fernández, Pilar; Marco, Esther; Prado, C.; Periago, J.F.; Grimalt, Joan O.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.040

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Exhaled breath samples were collected using a portable system for end-exhaled breath sampling, which has been described previously (Lourencetti et al 2010). Briefly, volunteers were required to breathe through the sampling device equipped with an adsorption cartridge packed with Tenax TA (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single value for free chlorine, monochloramine, dichloramine, and trichloramine was obtained for each participant as measured by N , N -diethyl- p -phenylenediamine (DPD) procedure with a portable photometer (DINKO Instruments, Inc., Barcelona, Spain). The methods for water and air THM analyses have been described elsewhere (Lourencetti et al 2010). Briefly, for THM analyses, 5 mg sodium thiosulfate was added to a 40-mL glass vial with screw cap and polytetrafluoroethylene-lined silicone septa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Changes in Respiratory Biomarkers after Swimming in a Chlorinated Pool

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Kogevinas

Zock

et al. 2010

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundSwimming in chlorinated pools involves exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) and has been associated with impaired respiratory health.ObjectivesWe evaluated short-term changes in several respiratory biomarkers to explore mechanisms of potential lung damage related to swimming pool exposure.MethodsWe measured lung function and biomarkers of airway inflammation [fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eight cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in exhaled breath condensate], oxidative stress (8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate), and lung permeability [surfactant protein D (SP-D) and the Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) in serum] in 48 healthy nonsmoking adults before and after they swam for 40 min in a chlorinated indoor swimming pool. We measured trihalomethanes in exhaled breath as a marker of individual exposure to DBPs. Energy expenditure during swimming, atopy, and CC16 genotype (rs3741240) were also determined.ResultsMedian serum CC16 levels increased from 6.01 to 6.21 μg/L (average increase, 3.3%; paired Wilcoxon test p = 0.03), regardless of atopic status and CC16 genotype. This increase was explained both by energy expenditure and different markers of DBP exposure in multivariate models. FeNO was unchanged overall but tended to decrease among atopics. We found no significant changes in lung function, SP-D, 8-isoprostane, eight cytokines, or VEGF.ConclusionsWe detected a slight increase in serum CC16, a marker of lung epithelium permeability, in healthy adults after they swam in an indoor chlorinated pool. Exercise and DBP exposure explained this association, without involving inflammatory mechanisms. Further research is needed to confirm the results, establish the clinical relevance of short-term serum CC16 changes, and evaluate the long-term health impacts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Changes in Respiratory Biomarkers after Swimming in a Chlorinated Pool

Font-Ribera

Kogevinas

Zock

et al. 2010

Environ Health Perspect

Self Cite

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another study that used a modified Haldane-Priestly tube coupled to a Tenax TA sorbent trap and analyzed the compounds with a TD-GC-ECD system [84] also confirmed THM exposure due to showering and swimming activities and found that chloroform was the dominant THM of those that were evaluated (i.e. chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform).…”

Section: Swimming and Domestic Water Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five categories of study can be found in the literature: (1) simulations in controlled chambers [21,77,82,83]; (2) swimming and domestic water activities [12,24,68,78,84,119]; (3) services related to mechanical vehicles [22,23,28,69,120,121]; (4) solvents and volatile compounds in the workplace [15,19,79,[122][123][124]; and, (5) active and passive smoking [16,20,25,27,29,51,86,125].…”

Section: Applications In Exposure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After collecting end-tidal breath in the bag, an adsorption tube is attached to the sampling tube to adsorb the volatiles in breath [81][82][83]. A recent modification comprises an insulated aluminum tube maintained at 40-45ºC to prevent condensation of the water vapor [84]. The sample is then transferred to a Tenax TA adsorption trap using a 50-mL gas syringe.…”

Section: Breath-collection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical challenges in breath analysis and its application to exposure monitoring

Alonso

Sánchez

2013

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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There is an increasing interest in the use of breath analysis for monitoring human physiology and exposure to toxic substances or environmental pollutants.This review focuses on the current status of the sampling procedures, collection devices and sample-enrichment methodologies used for exhaled breath-vapor analysis. We discuss the different parameters affecting each of the above steps, taking into account the requirements for breath analysis in exposure assessments and the need to analyze target compounds at sub-ppbv levels.Finally, we summarize the practical applications of exposure analysis in the past two decades.

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Extraction and Trace Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Water Samples Using Zein@Fe3O4 Nanocomposite

Hajilari

Farhadi

Eskandari

2019

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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New method for determination of trihalomethanes in exhaled breath: Applications to swimming pool and bath environments

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Short-Term Changes in Respiratory Biomarkers after Swimming in a Chlorinated Pool

Short-Term Changes in Respiratory Biomarkers after Swimming in a Chlorinated Pool

Analytical challenges in breath analysis and its application to exposure monitoring

Extraction and Trace Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Water Samples Using Zein@Fe3O4 Nanocomposite

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