New medical materials with an integral lasting effect based on fibre-forming polymers

Abstract

Textile materials for medical use with immobilized biologically active substances of different classes have been developed. Modified cellulose with drugs incorporated in the macromolecule: enzymes, enzyme complexes, antioxidants, hormones, vitamins, antimicrobial components, was used as substrate. Wound coverings containing drugs of different classes and having a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity were obtained by co-immobilization.Of the wide assortment of polymer coatings for treating wounds and burns, gel-forming wound coatings satisfy all of the medical and biological requirements to the greatest degree. Developing nonadhesive wound coverings with high sorption capacity is an urgent direction in creating effective dressings for wounds and burns. Gel-based coatings are manufactured by the leading foreign manufacturers, but these dressings are basically designed to isolate clean wounds from the environment, since they contain no drug components.The Institute of Textile Materials has unique experience in developing medical materials with chemically incorporated biologically active substances of different classes. Modified cellulose with drugs, including enzymes, incorporated in the macromolecule is used as the substrate [1].To better understand the advantages of using immobilized enzymes for treating purulent-necrotic wounds, it is useful to briefly examine how systems of native and immobilized enzymes work in the living organism, for example, in digestion and cleaning wounds of denatured proteins. One process is normal, the other is pathological. They have both similarities and differences.The digestive tract and wound exudate contain endogenous trypsin. Trypsin is a protein and the active site of one molecule of enzyme detects the protein part of another molecule as substrate and splits it. The proteolytic activity of trypsin rapidly decreases in a solution of the pure enzyme due to this phenomenon, called autolysis, and the higher its concentration in the solution, the more rapidly autolysis takes place (Table 1).All molecules in purulent-necrotic and food masses are in random motion. The probability of a proteolytic enzyme and food protein reacting is determined by the probability of their colliding. The enzymesubstrate reaction basically takes place in a large excess of denatured protein. As the wound is cleansed of detritus, autolysis takes place increasingly more frequently. When the wound is totally cleansed, neither substrate nor trypsin practically remains in it, and it only contains low-molecularweight products of proteolysis. As a consequence, both autolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis obey the law of mass action:

Synthetic polymeric biomaterials for wound healing: a review

“…Cellulose being a natural polymer, exhibits great potential as wound dressings because it stimulates the process of granulation and epithelialization (Medusheva et al 2007 ). Chitin is a natural amino polysaccharide present invertebrates, crustacean and insect exoskeleton as cell wall of fungi.…”

Electrospinning Technology: Designing Nanofibers toward Wound Healing Application

“…Engineering mats for wound healing requires not only the appropriate processing, solution, and environmental conditions, but also selection of the most suitable polymer matrix or rational combination of polymers [72]. Several electrospun materials have been proposed as wound dressing materials, including natural polymer, such as polysaccharides [73], polymeric carbohydrate molecules [74], chitin [75], chitosan [23], alginates [46], cellulose [4], and hyaluronic acid [76]. These natural polymers can be used alone or in combination with synthetic polymer, such as polyurethane [37], PVA/Ag [77], PCL [78], such as collagen/chitosan [79], chitosan/polyethylene glycol (PEG) [80], and water-soluble carboxyethyl chitosan/ PVA [69,81].…”