"New Medical – Biological Emergency Emergency Response to Medical–Biological Emergency of Complex Type"

Abstract

Emergency management and emergency care are an actual issue worldwide, a topic very difficult to treat for lacking historical data a comparability of this type of events. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has showed that health, social, political, economic and biological aspect of every single population has overweight. The complexity of the phenomenon and its dependence on social, cultural, political, economic context is contained in the statement "the pandemic is a complex emergency." The difficulties in applying and failure of emergency protocol and response, and our experience with SARS-CoV-2 in the first "red zone" in Lombardy, Italy, in 2020, have led us to the multidisciplinary analysis of emergency management and emergency response system. The contextualization of the event leads to the comprehension what hazard identification and risk management are, to the revision of the emergency protocols and networks. Emergency response system and emergency management are closely related and embedded to the other areas of health care and human life, especially if a complex emergency is considered. They are directly connected to the dynamics of the population not affected by the emerging pathogen, to prevention and public health, clinical care, they are conditioned by social, cultural, political, economic context. The health care system blends in all these areas that determine the outcome of emergency response on medical-biological emergency of complex type and future population health.