New media, old media: The technologies of international development

Abstract

Abstracl -The research, theory and practice of educational technology over the past 75 years provide convincing evidence that this process offers a comprehensive and integrated approach to solving educational and social problems. The use of media and technology in development has shifted from an emphasis on mass media to personal media. A variety of electronic delivery systems are being used and are usually coordinated by centralized governmental agencies. There are no patterns of use since the problems vary and the medium used is responsive to the problem. Computers are used most frequently and satellite telecommunication networks follow. The effective use of these and other technologies requires a long-term commitment to financial support and training of personnel. The extension model of face-to-face contact still prevails in developing nations whether in agriculture, education or rural development. Low-cost technologies are being used in local projects while major regional and national companies use radio, film and related video technologies. The use of all available and cost-effective media and technologies make possible appropriate communications for specific goals with specific audiences. There appears to be no conflict among proponents of various media formats. Development in education and other sectors has much to gain from old and new communication technologies and has hardly been tapped. Several new educational technology developments are discussed as potential contributors to formal and nonformal education.

The Aesthetic Politics of Unfinished Media: New Media Activism in Brazil

“…The term has moved through time to include technologies, their aesthetics, and their logics, as they appear (Manovich ). “New media” would be used in the 1980s for personal computers (Ingle ) and hypertext (Moulthrop ), then in the 2010s for augmented reality, as these technologies shifted from relatively small circles of early users to the commercial mainstream.…”