New Mechanisms of Action of Natural Antioxidants in Health and Disease

Hrelia, Silvana; Angeloni, Cristina

doi:10.3390/antiox9040344

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, a polyphenol-rich diet has beneficial effects on health and diseases associated with freeradical pathological mechanisms, like diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Their mode of action may be related to mediation of interactions with specific proteins central to intracellular signaling cascades, modification of the expression and activity of key proteins, modulation by epigenetics modifications, or impact on the gut microbiota [120]. Vulganova et al [71] reported the significant inhibitory activity of methanolic extract of dried leaves of S. apiana against 4 selected serine proteinases: trypsin, thrombin, urokinase, and plasmin.…”

Section: Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

White Sage (Salvia apiana)–a Ritual and Medicinal Plant of the Chaparral: Plant Characteristics in Comparison with Other Salvia Species

2021

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Salvia apiana, commonly known as white sage, is an aromatic evergreen subshrub of the chaparral, commonly found in coastal plains in California and Baja California. It has been traditionally used by the Chumash people as a ritual and medicinal plant and used as a calmative, a diuretic, and a remedy for the common cold. However, until recently, relatively little has been known about the composition and biological activity of white sage. Phytochemical studies on S. apiana revealed the presence of substantial amounts of essential oil, accompanied by a variety of triterpenes, C23 terpenoids, diterpenes, and flavonoids. Extracts of the plant have been shown to exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects. The influence of white sage constituents on the nervous system, including GABA, opioid, and cannabinoid receptors, has also been documented. The review aimed to compile information on the taxonomy, botany, chemical composition, and biological activities of S. apiana. White sage was compared with other representatives of the genus in terms of chemical composition. The differences and similarities between S. apiana and other sage species were noted and discussed in the context of their therapeutic applications. Reports on ethnomedicinal uses of white sage were confronted with reports on chemistry, bioactivity, and bioavailability of S. apiana constituents. Finally, a critical assessment of the available data was made and perspectives for the use of white sage preparations in modern phytomedicine were discussed.

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Section: Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

White Sage (Salvia apiana)–a Ritual and Medicinal Plant of the Chaparral: Plant Characteristics in Comparison with Other Salvia Species

2021

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“…Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the biological functions of flavonoids. According to the oldest, but highly controversial view, flavonoids would exert their effects by free-radical scavenging [ 16 , 18 , 19 ], which is proportional to the redox potential of these molecules, usually correlating with the number of hydroxyl groups [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, the last two decades have provided more convincing explanations of antioxidant effects of flavonoids, which suggest that these compounds (i) interact with specific proteins central to signaling cascades and modulate the activity and/or expression of key antioxidant proteins; (ii) influence the epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression; and (iii) modulate the gut microbiota profile and metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the last two decades have provided more convincing explanations of antioxidant effects of flavonoids, which suggest that these compounds (i) interact with specific proteins central to signaling cascades and modulate the activity and/or expression of key antioxidant proteins; (ii) influence the epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression; and (iii) modulate the gut microbiota profile and metabolites. Thus, while the current view is that pleiotropic mechanisms contribute to the final beneficial effect of polyphenols [ 21 , 22 ], the role of specific flavonoid–protein interactions is increasingly recognized [ 23 ]. A well-recognized direct target of polyphenols are phosphodiesterases (PDEs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apigenin and Luteolin Regulate Autophagy by Targeting NRH-Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 in Liver Cells

et al. 2021

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Dietary flavonoids stimulate autophagy and prevent liver dysfunction, but the upstream signaling pathways triggered by these compounds are not well understood. Certain polyphenols bind directly to NRH-quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) and inhibit its activity. NQO2 is highly expressed in the liver, where it participates in quinone metabolism, but recent evidence indicates that it may also play a role in the regulation of oxidative stress and autophagy. Here, we addressed a potential role of NQO2 in autophagy induction by flavonoids. The pro-autophagic activity of seven flavonoid aglycons correlated perfectly with their ability to inhibit NQO2 activity, and flavones such as apigenin and luteolin showed the strongest activity in all assays. The silencing of NQO2 strongly reduced flavone-induced autophagic flux, although it increased basal LC3-II levels in HepG2 cells. Both flavones induced AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, while its reduction by AMPK beta (PRKAB1) silencing inhibited flavone-induced autophagy. Interestingly, the depletion of NQO2 levels by siRNA increased the basal AMPK phosphorylation but abrogated its further increase by apigenin. Thus, NQO2 contributes to the negative regulation of AMPK activity and autophagy, while its targeting by flavones releases pro-autophagic signals. These findings imply that NQO2 works as a flavone receptor mediating autophagy and may contribute to other hepatic effects of flavonoids.

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“…The PFA also prevents peroxide formation by modifying the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, they can interact with specific proteins and modulate their expression and activities [ 11 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review

et al. 2021

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The interest for safe and natural foods of animal origin is currently increasing the use of plant feed additives (PFA) as antioxidants in animal nutrition. However, studies with livestock animals dealing with PFA as antioxidants are scarce. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the antioxidant impact of PFA compared with synthetic vitamins on animal food product yield and quality. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2020 were collected. Most papers were carried out on ruminants (n = 13), but PFA were also tested in swine (n = 6) and rabbits (n = 2). The inclusion of PFA in the diets of pigs, rabbits, and ruminants improved the products’ quality (including organoleptic characteristics and fatty acids profile), oxidative stability, and shelf life, with some impacts also on their yields. The effects of PFA are diverse but often comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidant vitamin E, suggesting their potential as an alternative to this vitamin within the diet.

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New Mechanisms of Action of Natural Antioxidants in Health and Disease

Abstract: Natural antioxidants have been proposed to have beneficial effects on health and on different disease states, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer [...]

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

White Sage (Salvia apiana)–a Ritual and Medicinal Plant of the Chaparral: Plant Characteristics in Comparison with Other Salvia Species

White Sage (Salvia apiana)–a Ritual and Medicinal Plant of the Chaparral: Plant Characteristics in Comparison with Other Salvia Species

Apigenin and Luteolin Regulate Autophagy by Targeting NRH-Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 in Liver Cells

Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review

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