New mechanism producing axions in the AQN model and how the CAST can discover them

Abstract

We advocate the idea that there is a fundamentally new mechanism for the axion production in the Sun, which has never been discussed previously in the literature. This novel mechanism of the axion production is based on the so-called sxion quark nugget (AQN) dark matter model. These axions will be produced in addition to wellstudied axions emitted due to the Primakoff effect. The AQN model was originally invented as a natural explanation of the observed ratio Ω dark ∼ Ω visible when the DM and visible matter densities assume the same order of magnitude values, irrespective to the axion mass m a or initial misalignment angle θ 0 . This model, without adjustment of any parameters, reproduces reasonably the intensity of the extreme UV (EUV) radiation from the solar corona as a result of the AQN annihilation events with the solar material. This extra energy released in the corona represents a resolution, within the AQN framework, a long-standing puzzle known in the literature as the "solar corona heating mystery." The same annihilation events also produce the relativistic axions. This represents a new mechanism of the axion production and constitutes the main subject of this work. The flux of these axions is unambiguously fixed in this model and expressed in terms of the EUV luminosity from the corona. We also compute the spectral properties of these axions and make a few comments on the potential for the discovery of these solar axions by the upgraded CAST (CERN Axion Solar Axion) experiment.

Gravitationally trapped axions on the Earth

“…The present work is a natural continuation of [1,2]. To avoid repetition we refer the readers to [2] for the derivation details of axion emission spectrum in the rest frame of the AQN and to [1] for an overview of the AQN model, including motivation, consequences and predictions. We note that the AQN model is consistent with all available cosmological, astrophysical, satellite and ground-based constraints.…”

“…The idea that axions can be trapped in a gravitational field dates back to 2003 paper by DiLella and Zioutas [36]. The present work is a specific analysis of the gravitationally bound axions within the AQN framework, when the axions are produced in the interior of the Earth, as suggested in [1,2]. The emission spectrum of axions from the AQN production mechanism is studied in Ref.…”

“…This scaling implies that the axion mass must be tuned to m a 10 −5 eV in order to produce the observed cosmological DM density today. Higher axion masses will contribute very little to Ω DM and lower axion masses will * klawson@phas.ubc.ca † xunyul@phas.ubc.ca ‡ alexander.j.mead@googlemail.com § shahriar.naf07@gmail.com ¶ waerbeke@phas.ubc.ca * * arz@phas.ubc.ca 1 According to recent computations [29] the axion contribution…”

“…Recent works [1,2] have suggested a fundamentally novel mechanism for axion production in planets and stars, with a mechanism rooted in the so-called axion quark nugget (AQN) DM model [33], similar to the original quark nugget model by Witten [34] (see [35] for a review). AQN are "cosmologically dark", not because of the weakness of their interactions, but due to their small cross-section-to-mass ratio, which scales down many observable consequences of an otherwise strongly-interacting DM candidate.…”

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We advocate for the idea that there is a fundamentally new mechanism for axion production on Earth, as recently suggested in [1,2]. We specifically focus on production of axions within Earth, with low velocities such that they will be trapped in the gravitational field.

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