New Materials and Forgings Used for Pressure Vessels Operating in Hydrogen Environment

Abstract

To improve the in-service behaviour of Cr Mo (V) steel grades used for the pressure vessels operating in hydrogen environment at high temperature for the oil industry, the manufacture of heavy forgings needs a high quality. Improvement of the standard and enhanced strength (ASME Case 1960) 2 l/4 Cr 1 Mo steel grades may be achieved by reducing drastically the impurities (S, P, X, etc…) to extra low level and avoiding segregates at the inner surface of the shells. For high temperature operation, new V modified steel grades are proposed (ASME case 1961, Code Case 1973 and Code Case 2098). Their conventional mechanical properties are similar to those of enhanced strength 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo but they offer higher creep properties and improved resistance to hydrogen damage.

Development of Pressure Vessels Made of 9Cr-1Mo-V Steels for High-Temperature Processes in Refining Industries

“…9Cr-1Mo-V steels showed improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, about the same as 2 1 / 4 Cr-1Mo-V and 3Cr-1Mo-V steels, when compared with conventional 2 1 / 4 Cr-1Mo steel [15]. (4) Type IV Cracking…”