New Magneto-Fluorescent Hybrid Polymer Nanogel for Theranostic Applications

Abstract

Herein we have reported a new magneto-fluorescent nanogel built on photoluminescent comacromer [PEG-maleic acid-glycine], N,N-dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and citrate-capped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). The nanogel was found to have core–shell morphology (SPION core and PEG shell) with particle size around 80 nm. The cytocompatibility of the synthesized nanogel was studied using MTT, live/dead assays, and flow cytometry. The cellular uptake of the nanogel on cervical cancer cell line Hela evaluated through Prussian blue staining and fluorescence microscopy has revealed good cancer cell imaging capability. Magnetic hyperthermia experiments have shown that the synthesized nanogel caused the lysis of cancer cells. The fluorescence bioimaging capability of the nanogel in the murine model has shown good near IR imaging capability. Overall, the reported results suggest that the magneto-fluorescent nanogel shows promising future potential for cancer theranostic applications.

Recent Advances in Multimodal Molecular Imaging of Cancer Mediated by Hybrid Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…Dispersion in nanoassemblies (supramolecular assembly). Several studies describing different types of molecular matrices composed of polymers [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], lipids [ 76 ], polymer dots (PDots) [ 89 , 90 ], and organic molecules [ 91 , 92 , 93 ] can be encountered in the literature. For example, Chen et al [ 94 ] encapsulated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into liposomes containing PEG, a tumor-targeted peptide (RGD sequence), and ICG (indocyanine green, the only near-infrared dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for clinical use) ( Figure 9 ) [ 95 ].…”

Theranostics Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Polymers: Intelligent Design for Efficient Diagnostics and Therapy

“…A core-shell magneto-fluorescent nanogel was developed with iron oxide NP cores and a photoluminescent shell, where comacromers [PEG-maleic acid-glycine] were linked together by a crosslinker (Vijayan et al, 2019 ). The nanogel was found to possess high cytocompatibility, good cellular uptake, as well as fluorescent imaging and hyperthermia treatment capabilities.…”

“…Furthermore, the nanoprobe displayed powerful inhibition of the toxic aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide, the suspected cause of Beta cell degeneration observed with type 2 diabetes. Magneto-fluorescent nanogels discussed in Section Nanoprecipitation of a Polymer and NPs displayed dual emissions (red and green) in Hela cells under different excitation wavelengths showing that this nanogel has fluorescence imaging applications toward cancer cells (Vijayan et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Upon irradiation with an infrared laser or under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, many magnetic NPs undergo hyperthermia. It can be utilized in two major ways: enhanced drug release through the heat-expansion of a polymer coat (Zhang C. et al, 2017 ; Vijayan et al, 2019 ) and achieving temperatures above the minimum for inducing apoptosis (42°C) of surrounding cells (Thirunavukkarasu et al, 2018 ; Yar et al, 2018 ; Fetiveau et al, 2019 ) or by a combination of both methods (Vijayan et al, 2019 ). In all cases, once the nanomaterials had accumulated at the tumor site, they were triggered to reach required temperatures, resulting in a highly controlled and localized method for killing cancer cells.…”

Luminophore and Magnetic Multicore Nanoassemblies for Dual-Mode MRI and Fluorescence Imaging

“…The use of magneto-fluorescent nanoassemblies provides generally biodegradable systems that advantageously avoid bioaccumulation. In this context, several molecular matrices are envisaged composed of polymers [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159], lipids [160][161][162][163], PDots [164][165][166][167] or organic molecule [168][169][170][171][172] ( Figure 6). In this type of organization we will distinguish the assemblies with inert matrices of those composed of active units.…”