New MAC Technologies: Fuel Efficiency Effect in Real Driving of the Air Intake Flap Management

Monforte, Roberto; Lovuolo, Francesco; Rostagno, Matteo; Seccardini, R.; Matton, Teron

doi:10.4271/2015-01-1609

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite a number of papers reporting reduction of the MAC power consumption in various ways, there have not been any experimental attempts to quantify the effects of active cabin-air recirculation on the reduction of MAC power consumption. Monforte et al predicted fuel savings of ACR using numerical simulations for the Fiat Punto, but they did not conduct any experiments [18]. It is also noteworthy that a few automobile manufacturers have already implemented some of the advantages of ACR ventilation settings described in this study in their production car.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Brewer

Pham

et al. 2018

WEVJ

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Air conditioner power consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total power used by hybrid and electric vehicles. This study examined the effects of three different cabin air ventilation settings on mobile air conditioner (MAC) power consumption, such as fresh mode with air conditioner on (ACF), fresh mode with air conditioner off (ACO), and air recirculation mode with air conditioner on (ACR). Tests were carried out for both indoor chassis dynamometer and on-road tests using a 2012 Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Real-time power consumption and fuel economy were calculated from On-Board Diagnostic-II (OBD-II) data and compared with results from the carbon balance method. MAC consumed 28.4% of the total vehicle power in ACR mode when tested with the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) SC03 driving cycle on the dynamometer, which was 6.1% less than in ACF mode. On the other hand, ACR and ACF mode did not show significant differences for the less aggressive on-road tests. This is likely due to the significantly lower driving loads experienced in the local driving route compared to the SC03 driving cycle. On-road and SC03 test results suggested that more aggressive driving tends to magnify the effects of the vehicle HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system settings. ACR conditions improved relative fuel economy (or vehicle energy efficiency) to that of ACO conditions by ~20% and ~8% compared to ACF conditions for SC03 and on-road tests, respectively. Furthermore, vehicle cabin air quality was measured and analyzed for the on-road tests. ACR conditions significantly reduced in-cabin particle concentrations, in terms of aerosol diffusion charger signal, by 92% compared to outside ambient conditions. These results indicate that cabin air recirculation is a promising method to improve vehicle fuel economy and improve cabin air quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Brewer

Pham

et al. 2018

WEVJ

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“…Unfortunately, numerous studies available in the scientific community are investigating the impact of HVAC in conventional ICE vehicles, and the same methodology is hard to apply to PHEVs and BEVs. 28,29 As a further step, this work aims at building a testing procedure that can be set as a solid basis for the development of a standardised test procedure for the assessment of the energy consumption and CO 2 emissions related to the deployment of the MAC system in electrified vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy consumption of mobile air-conditioning systems in electrified vehicles under different ambient temperatures

Gil-Sayas

Pierro

Tansini

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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In 2019, passenger car CO2 emissions peaked at 3.2 billion metric tons globally. Despite efforts to curb vehicle CO2 emissions and the ambitious targets adopted for greenhouse gas mitigation in the European Union (EU), emissions from road vehicles increased steadily over the past decade. Electrified vehicles have gained significant market share in the last years and are an essential technical option to reduce CO2 emissions. Range anxiety and insufficient charging infrastructure limit electrified vehicles’ customer acceptance and market attractiveness. The use of auxiliary systems under certain circumstances may reduce vehicle range. In this regard, energy management improvements lead to better vehicle range results. As well-considered in numerous studies, the most consuming auxiliary system is the vehicle’s heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, also known as Mobile Air-Conditioning (MAC). The present work explores the influence of different parameters on the energy consumption of the MAC system in plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV). For this purpose, one PHEV and one BEV were tested in laboratory conditions at different cell temperatures of −7°C (19.4°F), 22°C (71.6°F) and 35°C (95°F), over the Worldwide Harmonised Light vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC). Laboratory tests with the same conditions were repeated with MAC on and off for each temperature. For the reference 23°C (73.4°F) condition, additional factors affecting energy consumption were analysed, such as the impact of depleting/sustaining modes on the MAC performance in PHEV, or the effect of warm and cold start in PHEV and BEV. Results suggest that the electric energy required to heat the cabin at low temperature (−7°C) could be 4–10 times higher than the energy needed to cool down the cabin in hot conditions (35°C). Compared to the vehicle energy required at the wheels during a WLTC, the MAC impact at −7°C ranges from 35% to 45% while at 35°C goes from 15% to 18%.

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“…There is a test procedure in the EU for measuring additional fuel consumption and pollutant emissions caused by the operation of the Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) system in a passenger car [82][83][84]. The procedure for a physical test of the whole vehicle on a chassis dynamometer includes a double test run (with MAC ON and MAC OFF) with the same three phases of the fixed condition of the test cycle [85,86].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computer Tool for Modelling CO2 Emissions in Driving Cycles for Spark Ignition Engines Powered by Biofuels

Tucki¹

2021

Energies

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A driving cycle is a record intended to reflect the regular use of a given type of vehicle, presented as a speed profile recorded over a certain period of time. It is used for the assessment of engine pollutant emissions, fuel consumption analysis and environmental certification procedures. Different driving cycles are used, depending on the region of the world. In addition, drive cycles are used by car manufacturers to optimize vehicle drivelines. The basis of the work presented in the manuscript was a developed computer tool using tests on the Toyota Camry LE 2018 chassis dynamometer, the results of the optimization process of neural network structures and the properties of fuels and biofuels. As a result of the work of the computer tool, the consumption of petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, DME, CNG, LPG and CO2 emissions for the vehicle in question were analyzed in the following driving tests: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA US06 and EPA USSC03); Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP); Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET); Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75–EPA); New European Driving Cycle (NEDC); Random Cycle Low (×05); Random Cycle High (×95); Mobile Air Conditioning Test Procedure (MAC TP); Common Artemis Driving Cycles (CADC–Artemis); Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP).

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New MAC Technologies: Fuel Efficiency Effect in Real Driving of the Air Intake Flap Management

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Energy consumption of mobile air-conditioning systems in electrified vehicles under different ambient temperatures

A Computer Tool for Modelling CO2 Emissions in Driving Cycles for Spark Ignition Engines Powered by Biofuels

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