“…These plants typically produce between three and six glossy strap-like leaves, which are approximately 600 mm long and 50 mm wide 1 , 3 ; flowers appear simultaneously with the leaves in this genus, and one plant can produce one or two inflorescences. Each of these clusters contains between two and five (mostly four) large trumpet-shaped flowers, which have a scape that is typically hollow and can grow up to 550 mm in size 3 , 4 . Flowers vary from pure white to brilliant red.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In some parts of the world, such as Bangladesh, agro-ecological conditions are extremely conducive to the survival and culture of amaryllis; thus, this plant exhibits significant local economic potential, including the export market 5 . Amaryllis also contain alkaloids; these plants are able to synthesize eight typical skeletal forms of isoquinoline alkaloids that exhibit a wide range of demonstrated biological functions, including antitumoural, antiviral, antiparasitic, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties 4 . These plants therefore also have economic benefits for the pharmaceutical industry given their high alkaloid content 6 .…”
Although amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) plants are commonly used in physiological and ecological research, the extent of their genomic and genetic resources remains limited. The development of molecular markers is therefore of great importance to accelerate genetic improvements in Hippeastrum species. In this study, a total of 269 unique genes were defined that might regulate the flower spathe development of amaryllis. In addition, 2000 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected based on 171,462 de novo assembled unigenes from transcriptome data, and 66,4091 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also detected as putative molecular markers. Twenty-one SSR markers were screened to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 104 amaryllis accessions. A total of 98 SSR loci were amplified for all accessions. The results reveal that Nei’s gene diversity (H) values of these markers ranged between 0.055 and 0.394, whereas the average values of Shannon’s Information index (I) ranged between 0.172 and 0.567. Genetic tree analysis further demonstrates that all accessions can be grouped into three main clusters, which can be further divided into two subgroups. STRUCTURE-based analysis revealed that the highest ΔK values were observed when K = 5, K = 6, K = 7 and K = 8. The results of this study enable large-scale transcriptomics and classification of Hippeastrum genetic polymorphisms and will be useful in the future for resource conservation and production.
“…These plants typically produce between three and six glossy strap-like leaves, which are approximately 600 mm long and 50 mm wide 1 , 3 ; flowers appear simultaneously with the leaves in this genus, and one plant can produce one or two inflorescences. Each of these clusters contains between two and five (mostly four) large trumpet-shaped flowers, which have a scape that is typically hollow and can grow up to 550 mm in size 3 , 4 . Flowers vary from pure white to brilliant red.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In some parts of the world, such as Bangladesh, agro-ecological conditions are extremely conducive to the survival and culture of amaryllis; thus, this plant exhibits significant local economic potential, including the export market 5 . Amaryllis also contain alkaloids; these plants are able to synthesize eight typical skeletal forms of isoquinoline alkaloids that exhibit a wide range of demonstrated biological functions, including antitumoural, antiviral, antiparasitic, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties 4 . These plants therefore also have economic benefits for the pharmaceutical industry given their high alkaloid content 6 .…”
Although amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) plants are commonly used in physiological and ecological research, the extent of their genomic and genetic resources remains limited. The development of molecular markers is therefore of great importance to accelerate genetic improvements in Hippeastrum species. In this study, a total of 269 unique genes were defined that might regulate the flower spathe development of amaryllis. In addition, 2000 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected based on 171,462 de novo assembled unigenes from transcriptome data, and 66,4091 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also detected as putative molecular markers. Twenty-one SSR markers were screened to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 104 amaryllis accessions. A total of 98 SSR loci were amplified for all accessions. The results reveal that Nei’s gene diversity (H) values of these markers ranged between 0.055 and 0.394, whereas the average values of Shannon’s Information index (I) ranged between 0.172 and 0.567. Genetic tree analysis further demonstrates that all accessions can be grouped into three main clusters, which can be further divided into two subgroups. STRUCTURE-based analysis revealed that the highest ΔK values were observed when K = 5, K = 6, K = 7 and K = 8. The results of this study enable large-scale transcriptomics and classification of Hippeastrum genetic polymorphisms and will be useful in the future for resource conservation and production.
“…In this review, seventeen articles were found to contain the alkaloid profile of twenty-three Hippeastrum extracts (Table S1) published between 2012 and 2021 (de Andrade et al 2014;Carvalho et al 2015;Cortes et al 2015a, b;Sebben et al 2015;Guo et al 2016;Ortiz et al 2016;Bessa et al 2017;Tallini et al 2017;Shammari et al 2019;Gasca et al 2020;Hoang et al 2020;Lianza et al 2020;Feu et al 2021;Paiva et al 2021;Shammari et al 2021;Souza et al 2021).…”
Section: Structural Diversitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…) Herb. have been published in the last two decades (Hofmann Jr. et al 2003;Silva et al 2006;Pagliosa et al 2010;de Andrade et al 2011de Andrade et al , 2012ade Andrade et al , 2014Giordani et al 2011;Sebben et al 2015;Tallini et al 2017). Moreover, some contributions in the field of biological activities of AA have also been carried out, such as the anti-inflammatory potential of montanine (3), which brings us a patent licensing (US2016024074) (de Oliveira et al 2015;Farinon et al 2017).…”
Graphical abstract
The subfamily Amaryllidoideae, Amaryllidaceae, presents an exclusive group of structures known as Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, which have a broad spectrum of biological activities. These plants are classified into 59 genera, including
Hippeastrum
Herb., which comprises approximately 60 species distributed mainly in South America, being widely used as ornamental plants due to the beauty of its flowers. This review presents an update about the alkaloid profiling of
Hippeastrum
extracts published between 2012 and 2021, as well as an approach to the biological potential of these compounds.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-021-00211-z.
“…Lycosinine B ( 3 ) has since been isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris sprengeri collected from Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China and from the bulbs of Hippeastrum breviflorum Herb. Amaryllidaceae (flowering sage) collected in São Francisco de Paula in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul . No biological activities have been ascribed to the lycosinines thus far, but given the structural resemblance of compound 2 to zephycandidine III, it might also be expected to display AChE‐inhibiting activities.…”
The title alkaloids, 1 and 2, have been prepared using cross‐coupling chemistries and together with various analogues they have been evaluated for their capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Contrary to an earlier report, it was found that biaryl 1 is not a significant inhibitor of this enzyme, and neither are any of its congeners, including alkaloid 2.
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