New low-dose 1-MeV cargo inspection system with backscatter imaging

Sapp, W.W.; Rothschild, P.; Schueller, Richard L.; Mishin, A.V.

doi:10.1117/12.410560

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In order to improve the image quality, the object of interest is raster-scanned repeatedly in a short time using a rotating collimator with multiple apertures. An example of this principle can be found in [35].…”

Section: Minizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

et al. 2023

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Nowadays, the detection of backscatter X-rays has become an essential part of road security scanners, where individuals are at risk of an accidental exposure to the pulsed photon radiation fields generated by the devices that implement this technique. Dose to soft-tissue measurements of a pulsed radiation field generated by a commercial cargo X-ray backscattering device are presented using a Timepix3 detector. To accurately estimate the imparted dose, the energy spectrum of a backscattering cargo scanner is measured with a thick CdZnTe hybrid semiconductor pixel detector. The deconvolution of this measured spectrum is performed and the contributions to the dose are calculated by means of the mass energy-absorption coefficients for soft-tissue. This methodology was assessed through a Monte-Carlo simulation, together with verification measurements using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) as a standard dosimetry system. Measurements of direct irradiation, for a 30 s scan with the device at 2 m from the detector, yielded a dose of (4.9 ± 0.7) μGy and (3.6 ± 0.3) μGy for the Timepix3 and TLDs, respectively. In a simulated cargo environment, with the detector behind a 1 mm thick steel wall, 30 s scan time, and 2 m source to detector distance, the dose measured by the Timepix3 was (1.7 ± 0.1) μGy, while for the TLDs (1.4 ± 0.6) μGy, showing that the proposed methodology has a similar response as compared to a standard dosimetry system.

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Section: Minizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

et al. 2023

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“…This physical scattering process makes the irradiated objects shining, so they could be imaged with a device analogue to an expanded pinhole camera. The usual approach for X-ray backscatter imaging involves illuminating the object with a pencil-beam of known direction and collecting all the back-scattered radiation with large area detectors [3,4]. Since the Compton effect depends on the electron density, low Z materials are prone to exhibit X-ray backscattering while high dense matters such as heavy metals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercially available systems for scanning large objects like containers or trucks are generally use the first principle i.e. pencil-beam technique [4]. This technology utilizes a highly collimated beam of radiation and a high sensitive large area detector to inspect the objects and is available in commercial X-ray backscatter imaging devices [3,4] as shown in figure 1(a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pencil-beam technique [4]. This technology utilizes a highly collimated beam of radiation and a high sensitive large area detector to inspect the objects and is available in commercial X-ray backscatter imaging devices [3,4] as shown in figure 1(a). The second principle of generating X-ray backscatter images is the illumination of a large area with a powerful (high kW) X-ray source and a pinhole like camera encompassing an image detector (see figure 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel X-ray backscatter technique for detection of dangerous materials: application to aviation and port security

et al. 2013

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Radiological inspections, in general, are the nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to detect the bulk of explosives in large objects. In contrast to personal luggage, cargo or building components constitute a complexity that may significantly hinder the detection of a threat by conventional X-ray transmission radiography. In this article, a novel X-ray backscatter technique is presented for detecting suspicious objects in a densely packed large object with only a single sided access. It consists of an X-ray backscatter camera with a special twisted slit collimator for imaging backscattering objects. The new X-ray backscatter camera is not only imaging the objects based on their densities but also by including the influences of surrounding objects. This unique feature of the X-ray backscatter camera provides new insights in identifying the internal features of the inspected object. Experimental mock-ups were designed imitating containers with threats among a complex packing as they may be encountered in reality. We investigated the dependence of the quality of the X-ray backscatter image on (a) the exposure time, (b) multiple exposures, (c) the distance between object and slit camera, and (d) the width of the slit. At the end, the significant advantages of the presented X-ray backscatter camera in the context of aviation and port security are discussed.

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