New Low-Altitude Dose Measurements

Gussenhoven, M. S.; Mullen, E.G.; Filz, R. C.; Brautigam, D. H.; Hanser, Frederick A.

doi:10.1109/tns.1987.4334701

Cited by 63 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…HILET dose rate (in Rads(Si)/year) as a function of CRRES. The DMSP measurements have been previously shielding thickness for two 00 inclination, circular satellite orbits reported [9,14,15]. We note that additional belts in the slot using the Quiet (dotted line) and Active (dashed line) CRRES Dose region were also measured by DMSP in conjunction with the Models.…”

Section: Results Formentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of the March 1991 storm on accumulated dose for selected satellite orbits: CRRES dose models

Gussenhoven¹,

Mullen²,

Sperry³

et al. 1992

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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12a, DISTRIBUTION AVAILASILITY STATEMENT 12b. 0IS7RI3UI'I 1CZEtApproved for public release; Distribution unlimited ASTRAT lax,'rnmrn CO word~s)Thmt dose fodels ate constucted using direct measurmen of dose on the CRpES sa~tellite in a o-nIou gscsyncrouous-trensfer orbit. The Average Model -a duat July 19M to March 1991 The Actve Model -rn date from active partods is based on the 24 Muchi 1991 sOWartil = magnetosphere radiation populadoes. The dose models aue doss rate aveager in grids of L and 1111%. A software oPWam (cUERRFAD), developed for doe models, allows the f calculatin of doss behind 4 shielding &Waam-s for -Y setallite orbit. In the acm"v period, doese acquired -a circarw, low-inclination orbit in the '&oW rgiOU* it greate dun in the qmez Period by up to two Orders of magnitude, nakiug this region, heretofore thought to be relattvely be-So. comparable in radiazioe hershwa to the peak of do now radiation belt. The INtahility Of the CRIE &os mo0e" for evaluating dose in high inclination orbits is also discussed. Abstract measured in either the inner or the outer belts. The new beits were still in existence some 6-plus months after their formsThree dose models are constructed using direct measure-tion when CRRES ceased transmitting daft due to battery meats of dose on the CRRES satellite, in a low-inclination, failures. geosynchronous-transfer orbit. The Average Model uses data SUBJECT TERMS 1S. NUMBER OF PAGESThe dynamic nature of the inner magnetospher is not taken over the entire 14 months of the CRRES mission from included in any existing model, and presents a problem for July 1990 to October 1991. The Quiet Model uses data from orbit planning and satellite design when cost-effective mison July 1990 to March 1991. The Active Model uses data from ane imperative. A comparison of dose measurements on March 1991 to October 1991. The separation of the quiet and CRRES with NASA model predictions was previously reported active periods is based on the 24 March 1991 solar particle [6]. The comparison showed the extrem inadequacy of event and subsequent solar wind shock which rearranged the NASA AES [7] electron dose predictions for energies greater inner magnetosphere radiation pop-ulations. The dose models than 5 MeV following the March event. Here we use the are dose rate averages in grids of L and B/Bo. A software CRRES dose data to make statistical dose models for three program (CRRESRAD), developed for the models, allows the periods, before and after the March storm, separately, and Lf-ýýcalculation of dose behind 4 shielding thicknesses for any over the entire CRRES mission. We then use these models to satellite orbit. In the active period, dose acquired in a calculate the dose that would be received in various satellite circular, low-inclination orbit in the "slot region* is greater orbits behind four thicknesses of shielding. We show that, in than in the quiet period by up to two orders of magnitude, selected orbits, the dose can increase by more than two orders making this region, heretofore thought ...

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Section: Results Formentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of the March 1991 storm on accumulated dose for selected satellite orbits: CRRES dose models

Gussenhoven¹,

Mullen²,

Sperry³

et al. 1992

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Gussenhoven et al [1987] showed the average pattern of E > 1.0 MeV electrons using dosimeters onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft at 840 km altitude; they saw evidence of 27-day recurrences of flux enhancements throughout one year (1984) of their observations. Williams [1966] also found clear evidence of 27-day periodicity in electrons with E > 280 keV and E _> 1 MeV.…”

Section: Inwroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inwroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted that the relativistic electrons could provide a significant coupling mechanism between the magnetosphere and the Earth's middle atmosphere [Baker et al, 1987b;Callis et al, 1991]. Relativistic electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere are also of considerable practical importance because of their deleterious effect on spacecraft subsystems [Gussenhoven et at., 1987;Baker et al, 1994b].We present here measurements of relativistic electron flux variations as determined with sensitive sensor systems onboard the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX). Approximately the fLrst two years of data are considered using several different energy thresholds and covering all relevant L-values.…”

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confidence: 99%

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New magnetospheric results from the SAMPEX mission

Baker

Blake

Callis

et al. 1996

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Results are described from energetic particle detectors onboard the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospherie Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) satellite. Electron data are shown for energies E>400 keV in the outer zone of electron trapping (I,>3). The processes by which electrons are accelerated to very high energies (E>I MeV) are discussed. Data are sorted according to L-values and are compared with concurrent solar wind and geomagnetic conditions. Data from SAMPEX are also compared to GOES and UARS measurements. It is found that high-speed solar wind streams drive the acceleration and recirculation of electrons throughout the outer zone on time scales of one day (or less). Very high time resolution measurements from SAMPEX show the very sporadic nature of magnetosphere-atmosphere coupling processes. INWRODUCTIONRelatively few studies have been able to examine the longterm variation of magnetospheric electrons over a broad range of energies and L-values. Gussenhoven et al. [1987] showed the average pattern of E > 1.0 MeV electrons using dosimeters onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft at 840 km altitude; they saw evidence of 27-day recurrences of flux enhancements throughout one year (1984) of their observations. Williams [1966] also found clear evidence of 27-day periodicity in electrons with E > 280 keV and E _> 1 MeV. Recent studies [e.g., lmhofet al., 1991] have been able to examine several months of low-altitude electron (E>I.0 MeV) data and compare this with L=6.6 measurements, lmhof et al. found a good correlation between intense precipitation spikes at low altitude and trapped flux levels at geostationary orbit. Very recently, lmhof et al. [1994] showed that electron fluxes with E>I MeV track one another very well at low and high altitudes and that such high energy electrons seem to be accelerated on a rapid (<1 day) time scale.It is of great interest and importance in magnetospheric physics to understand basic particle acceleration and loss mechanisms and to determine the variation time scales for high-energy electrons throughout the Earth's radiation belts. It has been noted that the relativistic electrons could provide a significant coupling mechanism between the magnetosphere and the Earth's middle atmosphere [Baker et al., 1987b;Callis et al., 1991]. Relativistic electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere are also of considerable practical importance because of their deleterious effect on spacecraft subsystems [Gussenhoven et at., 1987;Baker et al., 1994b].We present here measurements of relativistic electron flux variations as determined with sensitive sensor systems onboard the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX). Approximately the fLrst two years of data are considered using several different energy thresholds and covering all relevant L-values. The data show abrupt electron enhancements throughout the outer magnetosphere on time scales of order one day. This suggests a coherent global behavior for electron acceleration. It is concluded that the o...

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“…Indeed, despite improvements in spacecraft design, relativistic electrons continue to be a real and costly threat In January 1997, the TELSTAR 401 satellite owned by to all satellites operating in the outer radiation belt AT&T failed during a severe geomagnetic storm. A sus- [Gussenhoven et al, 1987;Baker etal., 1994]. pected cause was deep dielectric charging from relativistic Figure 1 shows graphically the increasing number of electrons ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather

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New Low-Altitude Dose Measurements

Cited by 63 publications

References 8 publications

The effect of the March 1991 storm on accumulated dose for selected satellite orbits: CRRES dose models

The effect of the March 1991 storm on accumulated dose for selected satellite orbits: CRRES dose models

New magnetospheric results from the SAMPEX mission

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