New limit values of micronutrient deficiency in soil determined using 1 M HCl extractant for wheat and rapeseed

Abstract

The aim of the study was to revise the limit values for the assessment of the microelement concentration in the soil determined with 1 M HCl. Unlike the values used so far to determine low, medium and high concentrations, the new values indicate only the low concentration limit below which fertilisation is necessary. Moreover, the new values are differentiated according to the plant species, which is related to the different sensitivity of the plants to microelement defi cit. These values were prepared for wheat and rapeseed on the basis of a large data collection of 3865 pairs of soilplant samples taken from production fi elds located in 16 voivodeships of Poland. The concentration of micronutrients was determined in all soil and plant samples. In addition, pH, texture, and the content of organic carbon and available phosphorus were determined in soil samples. Moreover, grain and seed yield after wheat and rapeseed harvest was estimated for all fi elds. Two independent calculation methods were applied in order to increase the reliability of the developed values. One of them was the method of regression equations, using the micronutrient bioaccumulation coeffi cient, its critical concentration in the plant and relevant soil features. The equations were constructed using the Stagraphics program. For each micronutrient, 8 models were tested in search for the equation with the highest determination coeffi cient r 2. To verify the values calculated in this way, the "high yield method" was used, which involved determining the smallest concentration of a micronutrient in the soil at which a high yield could be achieved.

Hazard of Contamination with Heavy Metals in Thymus serpyllum L. Herbs from Rural Areas

“…The content of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe forms susceptible to exctraction with 1M HCl was compared with the so-called limit numbers developed by the State Research Institute-Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG) in Puławy, Poland [63]. The method is commonly used in the research of soils in Poland to evaluate the content of the metal forms potentially available to plants [64][65][66]. The metal contents in soil samples and plant material were assayed applying the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS), with the SOLAAR S4 AA spectrometer (ThermoElemental, Cambridge, UK).…”

Content of Heavy Metals in Reclaimed Soil Material and Hard Coal Ash 15 Years after the Experiment

“…Additionally, the single-level values have been developed and, as opposed to the three-level values which defined the low/mean/high content, they provide only the determination of low microelement content in soil i.e., the values below which fertilization is indicated. The new values indicating the need to fertilize the soil, with reference to soluble iron, are 550-1200 Fe mg kg -1 [Korzeniowska et al 2020]. Given these criteria, there was an indication to fertilize the reclaimed area with iron.…”

Trace Elements in Garden Soils, Vegetables and Apples Near a Large Cu Tailings Pond in SW Poland

“…Metal uptake by plants may depend on soil physico-chemical properties (in particular on soil pH and humus content), influencing the element solubility, mobility, and availability to plants [40,54,55,56,57]. In such conditions, the concentration of elements in food plants may stronger depend on the current element inflow from the applied fertilizers, metal-containing pesticides and local air contamination than on the content of element bound in soil [8,41,44,52,58,59].…”