“…Similarly, since the 1990s, in many countries, including France, Italy, Hungary, and India, a distinctive resistance to the more superficial elements of global society, often called 'anti-culture' or de-civilizing, has arisen, often dubbed 'culture jamming.' Also, weaker parties, ranging from passive resistance, defiance, non-violent opposition, legal interference, imaginative product readaptation, common aggression, or targeted sabotage to absolute terrorism, use a wide range of forms of resistance (Pettman, 1992). A related concern is the cultural appropriation, where cultural elements may be taken from their collective context and reused in a new way, often as part of an academic or commodified 'good.'…”