New Leaky Surface Waves in Anisotropic Metal-Diffused Optical Waveguides

Calculation of leaky surface modes in planar structures involving uniaxially anisotropic interfaces

“…In this paper, the simplest onedimensional (1-D) version of such waveguides, with a threelayer step-index planar structure composed of a guiding core film, the cover region, and the substrate region, is considered, a mode of which can be considered as weighted superposition of two ordinary and two extraordinary plane waves [2]. A leaky guided mode can occur when the ordinary and extraordinary waves are coupled but not both reflected totally internally from the core interfaces, causing power leakage into the cover and substrate regions, as was observed experimentally [3]. Marcuse and Kaminow [4] analytically obtained modal losses versus the rotated angle of the optic axis in the interface plane for a symmetric slab waveguide in birefringent media, although it is not so obvious that the characteristic equations reported in [4] could be solved for getting complex propagation constants for leaky guided modes [4].…”

“…It is well known that optical waveguides containing uniaxially anisotropic crystals such as LiNbO 3 can be employed to design various guided-wave devices for optical communication systems, such as the electro-optically switched waveguide couplers [1]. In this paper, the simplest onedimensional (1-D) version of such waveguides, with a threelayer step-index planar structure composed of a guiding core film, the cover region, and the substrate region, is considered, a mode of which can be considered as weighted superposition of two ordinary and two extraordinary plane waves [2].…”

Investigation of the guided modes in anisotropic diffused slab waveguide with embedded metal layer

“…Rolke and Sohler [51 also analyzed the light distribution in dielectric structures by reducing the transversal metal cladding thickness to fabricate a cutoff polarizer. Recently, Yamanouchi et al [6] illustrated new leaky surface waves in anisotropic diffused structures without metal layer and with the stepapproximation of the refractive index curve.…”

Guidance and leakage properties of chiral optical fibers

“…21 Another kind of leakage was extensively analyzed, both theoretically and experimentally, in anisotropic metal-diffused optical waveguides. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] In such anisotropic waveguides, one of the two characteristic waves in the substrate ceases to be totally internally reflected at the film-substrate interface, thus leading to energy radiation into the substrate region. A similar effect can be found in asymmetric chiroslab guides in which both film and substrate are made from chiral materials.…”