New laws but few cases: understanding the challenges to the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases

Farrell, Amy; Owens, Colleen; McDevitt, Jack

doi:10.1007/s10611-013-9442-1

Cited by 145 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Building on the studies focusing on prosecution and protection of survivors (Annitto, 2011;Bales & Trodd, 2008;Brennan, 2005;Clawson & Dutch, 2008;Farrell et al, 2009Farrell et al, , 2012Long, 2012;Primrose, 2011), our work takes a new direction and implements what Jonathan Todres (2011Todres ( , 2012 has called a public health model to research human trafficking. In this study, the research team employed a public health prevention approach advocated by scholars (National Research Council of the National Academies & Institute of Medicine, 2013;Todres, 2011Todres, , 2012 to identify the risk and protective factors that may contribute to vulnerability and exploitation.…”

Section: Public Health Approaches To Trafficking Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Queering the Support for Trafficked Persons: LGBTQ Communities and Human Trafficking in the Heartland

Schwarz

Britton

2015

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Human trafficking justice centers on the "Three Ps" model of prevention, protection, and prosecution. While protection and prosecution efforts have been moderately successful, prevention remains elusive, as "upstream" structural factorsclass, gender, and sexuality inequalities-remain difficult to target. Individuals who are affected by these factors are not fully served within linear service frameworks. Based on a 12-month study in Kansas City, we find that service providers recognize the limitations of a "one-size-fits all" approach. Using a public health model, our research team conducted a public health surveillance, explored risk and protective factors, and facilitated organizational self-assessments of services. Our findings support a prevention approach that supports a survivor-centered model, which creates new, nonlinear or queered avenues of agency and community for trafficking survivors. This model allows survivors to make use of services in moments of vulnerability and opt out of others in moments of resilience. Given the systematic cuts in funding that have affected service providers, this research contends that prevention is cheaper, more effective, and more ethical than relying on prosecutions to curb trafficking. Developing a model that fosters survivor empowerment is a key step toward individual justice and survivor resilience for vulnerable and marginalized populations.

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Section: Public Health Approaches To Trafficking Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Queering the Support for Trafficked Persons: LGBTQ Communities and Human Trafficking in the Heartland

Schwarz

Britton

2015

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“…Cases in which prostitution is induced by force, fraud, or coercion are also considered sex trafficking (Farrell et al, 2012;Nichols & Heil, 2014).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It doesn't elevate to that human trafficking if that's not what we're looking at … Prosecutors and law enforcement may choose to handle sex trafficking cases as other forms of violence for a number of reasons. First of all, many local-level law enforcement officials are not trained in identifying sex trafficking (Clawson, Dutch, & Cummings, 2006;Farrell et al, 2012;Wilson, Walsh, & Kleuber, 2006). Therefore, they are unable to recognize that a domestic violence situation may also involve the abuser forcing his victim to prostitute as an extension of the abuse (Nichols & Heil, 2014;Raphael, Reichert, & Powers, 2010).…”

Section: Displacement Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Online advertising as a tool for traffickers A growing body of research finds that traffickers use the Internet as a tool for selling the sexual services of women and children (Farrell et al, 2012;Hodge, 2008;Nichols & Heil, 2014;Smith, Vardaman, & Snow, 2009;Williamson & Prior, 2009). For example, in 2008, the FBI reported 2800 advertisements selling children for sexual services, which were posted on free advertising Internet sites such as Craigslist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hot spot trafficking: a theoretical discussion of the potential problems associated with targeted policing and the eradication of sex trafficking in the United States

Heil

Nichols

2014

Contemporary Justice Review

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Throughout the United States, legal professionals and advocates have taken measures to address the access to victims of sex trafficking. A commonly accepted practice has been to advocate for the removal of 'sex for sale' advertising in free media such as Craigslist and Backpage. Although this action against the solicitation of prostitution has been celebrated by many advocates and legal professionals, the removal of such advertisements does not directly affect the prevalence of sex trafficking. In fact, displacement theory suggests that the removal of solicitation advertisements and targeted policing forces traffickers to simply advertise elsewhere or become more creative in selling the victims, thereby concealing the act of sex trafficking and making it less identifiable. Although we do not advocate for the maintenance of 'sex for sale' advertisements, the process of removing these ads is counterproductive, having little positive impact on the incidence of sex trafficking in the United States. Rather, it forces both traffickers and victims to bury deeper in the already hidden world of sex trafficking. Policy implications derived from criminal displacement theory and research are provided.

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“…2015), government responses around the world have not equally addressed the issue. Even within the United States, studies that have reviewed the institutional responses to trafficking have shown that there is confusion and variability in law enforcement and prosecutorial practices due to the complex nature of trafficking in local and regional settings (Farrell et al 2016;Farrell et al 2014 is the level of public trust and participation in government institutions. Post-communist countries report lower levels of civic engagement as well as increased political and social insecurity (Mondak, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Legal cynicism effects on human trafficking efforts in Moldova and Albania

Lockwood¹

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New laws but few cases: understanding the challenges to the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking cases

Cited by 145 publications

References 30 publications

Queering the Support for Trafficked Persons: LGBTQ Communities and Human Trafficking in the Heartland

Queering the Support for Trafficked Persons: LGBTQ Communities and Human Trafficking in the Heartland

Hot spot trafficking: a theoretical discussion of the potential problems associated with targeted policing and the eradication of sex trafficking in the United States

Legal cynicism effects on human trafficking efforts in Moldova and Albania

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