New K–Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa

Nonnotte, Philippe; Guillou, Hervé; Gall, Bernard Le; Benoît, Mathieu; Cotten, Joseph; Scaillet, Stéphane

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…1A) as their true absence. Such a hypothesis agrees with the geologically young age of these highlands (2-3 Myr, Nonnotte et al 2008) and, therefore, that of their newly developed altitudinal forests supported by precipitating aerial moisture. The time of the origin of these new forests on volcanic highlands significantly post-date the last hypothesised opportunity when they might have been colonized by low-dispersing Antireicheia inhabiting the panAfrican wet forest having its territorial maximum in the middle Cenozoic and not later than the late Miocene some 6 Ma (Hamilton & Taylor 1991).…”

Section: Dated Phylogeny Of Antireicheiasupporting

confidence: 85%

Four new species, DNA barcode library and pre-Pliocene speciation of the euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini genera Trilophidius and Antireicheia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Scaritinae)

Grebennikov¹,

Bulirsch²,

Magrini³

2017

Fragm Entomol

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We describe and extensively illustrate four new species of euedaphic (= dwelling in the soil) Clivinini ground beetles: Trilophidius acastus sp. nov. and T. argus sp. nov. (both from Bioko, Equatorial Guinea), as well as Antireicheia calais sp. nov. and A. zetes sp. nov. (both from the South Pare Mountains, Tanzania). We generate and report all currently available DNA barcode (= cytochrome oxidase subunit I) data for euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini of the genera Trilophidius (2 species, four records) and Antireicheia (13 species, 43 records). We infer a phylogeny for these beetles using a Maximum Likelihood approach based upon a matrix of 53 sequenced specimens (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-ANTIREI) with 658 aligned positions. All nominative species represented by two or more sequences are recovered as monophyletic. Both new species of Trilophidius form a weakly supported clade, while all seven species of South African Antireicheia form a moderately supported clade. The genus Antireicheia and the geographical assemblage of its six Tanzanian species are not monophyletic. We perform divergence time estimation in Afrotropical Antireicheia, and our analysis indicates that these lineages diverged predominantly in the middle or late Miocene. We highlight the notable lack of phylogenetic hypothesis linked with the vaguely and variably defined taxon "subfamily Scaritinae" and its subordinated taxa.

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Section: Dated Phylogeny Of Antireicheiasupporting

confidence: 85%

Four new species, DNA barcode library and pre-Pliocene speciation of the euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini genera Trilophidius and Antireicheia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Scaritinae)

Grebennikov¹,

Bulirsch²,

Magrini³

2017

Fragm Entomol

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“…In general, soils in the study site originated from volcanic rocks which are rich in Ca and Mg [32,33]. Mount Kilimanjaro is a stratovolcano found in the East Africa Rift Valley surrounded by the Precambrian rocks of the Mozambican Belt [32,34]. Hydrological processes across the study area are very complex, comprising heavy precipitation and deep ground water infiltration [35].…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Soil Micronutrients Concentration along the Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Mpanda

Majule

Marchant

et al. 2016

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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Soil micronutrients are important elements for plant growth despite being required in small quantities. Deficiency of micronutrients can result in severe crop failure while excess levels can lead to health hazards; therefore, investigating their status in agricultural land is crucial. The correlated micronutrients implied that they were affected by similar factors. Soil pH correlated positively with B, Fe, and Mn and negatively with Cu and Zn, hence probably influencing their availability. Therefore, the need for sustaining micronutrient at sufficient levels is crucial. Management interventions may include moderating soil pH by reducing acidity through liming in the higher elevations and incorporation of organic matter in the lowlands.

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“…Refugia and dispersal routes were further affected by various events in the Pliocene and early Pleistocene related to the formation of the Great Rift Valley, intensive volcanic activity, e.g., of Mt. Kilimanjaro (Nonnotte et al 2008), the development of the Congo Basin (Coetzee 1993;Myers-Thompson 2003) and dramatic changes in river drainage systems, such as the Zambezi and Niger rivers or Lake Mega-Chad (Goudie 2005, Leblanc et al 2006. Baboons were certainly impacted by these dynamics in multiple ways.…”

Section: Phylogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-African Voyagers: The Phylogeography of Baboons

Zinner

Buba²,

Nash³

et al. 2010

Primates of Gashaka

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Baboons of the genus Papio have colonised wide areas of Africa and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, 5 phenotypically distinct morphotypes (species) are recognised: chacma baboons, yellow baboons, olive baboons, Guinea baboons and hamadryas baboons. We used mitochondrial DNA ("Brown" region) sequence data obtained mainly from faecal samples collected across the geographical range of baboons to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships. Eight well-supported major haplogroups were detected, which reflect geographic populations. These disagree with the traditional classification of baboons into only 5 taxa. We found that West African olive and chacma baboons both comprise at least two deeply separated clades. In the case of chacma baboons, they correspond to recognised morphotypes (Cape chacma and grey-footed chacma). Our data also support a previously suggested distinction between yellow and Kinda baboons from central Zambia. Two other terminal clades from eastern Africa comprise either eastern olive and hamadryas baboons or eastern olive and yellow baboons. Southern yellow baboons cluster with grey-footed chacma baboons. Our data also indicate a possible mitochondrial overlap between Guinea baboons and a particular lineage of western olive baboons from Ivory Coast. These results support recent molecular studies, which detected several para-and polyphyletic mitochondrial clades in Papio, suggesting that the evolutionary history of baboons is even more complicated than previously thought. Thus, important roles might have been played by multiple phases of fragmentation, isolation, hybridisation, introgression, and nuclear swamping, hence, reticulation. These processes were most likely triggered by multiple cycles of expansion and retreat of savannah biomes during late Pliocene and Pleistocene glacial and inter-glacial periods. We also speculate on the likely dispersal pathways of these primates that may have led to their current distribution.

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New K–Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa

Cited by 78 publications

References 39 publications

Four new species, DNA barcode library and pre-Pliocene speciation of the euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini genera Trilophidius and Antireicheia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Scaritinae)

Four new species, DNA barcode library and pre-Pliocene speciation of the euedaphic Afromontane Clivinini genera Trilophidius and Antireicheia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Scaritinae)

Variability of Soil Micronutrients Concentration along the Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Pan-African Voyagers: The Phylogeography of Baboons

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