Abstract:Abstract:In our continued investigations of the plant Caryopteris incana, five new iridoid glucosides 1-5, including two cis-trans-isomers, 3 and 4, along with six known compounds 6-11, were isolated from the n-butyl alcohol (n-BuOH) soluble fraction of whole dried material of Caryopteris incana. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-ESI-MS). Furthermore, all isolates were evaluat… Show more
“…7). Numerous studies have utilised this method for screening medicinal plants and natural products for α -glucosidase inhibitors [121, 174, 175]. Fig.…”
Section: Screening Plants and Natural Products For Antidiabetic Activitymentioning
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not without limitations. These limitations, the alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes, and the soaring cost of managing diabetes and its complications underscores an urgent need for safer, more efficient and affordable alternative treatments. Over 1200 plant species are reported in ethnomedicine for treating diabetes and these represents an important and promising source for the identification of novel antidiabetic compounds. Evaluating medicinal plants for desirable bioactivity goes hand-in-hand with methods in analytical biochemistry for separating and identifying lead compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current methods used in antidiabetic plant research to form a useful resource for researchers beginning in the field. The review summarises the current understanding of blood glucose regulation and the general mechanisms of action of current antidiabetic medications, and combines knowledge on common experimental approaches for screening plant extracts for antidiabetic activity and currently available analytical methods and technologies for the separation and identification of bioactive natural products. Common in vivo animal models, in vitro models, in silico methods and biochemical assays used for testing the antidiabetic effects of plants are discussed with a particular emphasis on in vitro methods such as cell-based bioassays for screening insulin secretagogues and insulinomimetics. Enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking are also highlighted. The role of metabolomics, metabolite profiling, and dereplication of data for the high-throughput discovery of novel antidiabetic agents is reviewed. Finally, this review also summarises sample preparation techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, and the critical function of nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the dereplication, putative identification and structure elucidation of natural compounds from evidence-based medicinal plants.
“…7). Numerous studies have utilised this method for screening medicinal plants and natural products for α -glucosidase inhibitors [121, 174, 175]. Fig.…”
Section: Screening Plants and Natural Products For Antidiabetic Activitymentioning
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not without limitations. These limitations, the alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes, and the soaring cost of managing diabetes and its complications underscores an urgent need for safer, more efficient and affordable alternative treatments. Over 1200 plant species are reported in ethnomedicine for treating diabetes and these represents an important and promising source for the identification of novel antidiabetic compounds. Evaluating medicinal plants for desirable bioactivity goes hand-in-hand with methods in analytical biochemistry for separating and identifying lead compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current methods used in antidiabetic plant research to form a useful resource for researchers beginning in the field. The review summarises the current understanding of blood glucose regulation and the general mechanisms of action of current antidiabetic medications, and combines knowledge on common experimental approaches for screening plant extracts for antidiabetic activity and currently available analytical methods and technologies for the separation and identification of bioactive natural products. Common in vivo animal models, in vitro models, in silico methods and biochemical assays used for testing the antidiabetic effects of plants are discussed with a particular emphasis on in vitro methods such as cell-based bioassays for screening insulin secretagogues and insulinomimetics. Enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking are also highlighted. The role of metabolomics, metabolite profiling, and dereplication of data for the high-throughput discovery of novel antidiabetic agents is reviewed. Finally, this review also summarises sample preparation techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, and the critical function of nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the dereplication, putative identification and structure elucidation of natural compounds from evidence-based medicinal plants.
“…This species is a perennial herb to small woody shrub distribute in China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula (Ando et al 2015;Xiang et al 2018). In East Asia, this species, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the relief of colds, pertussis, eczema, itchy skin, and venomous snake bites (Mao et al 2016).…”
The species Caryopteris incana is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and ornamental plant. The first complete plastid genome sequences of C. incana reported here was 151,687 bp long, with the large single copy (LSC) region of 83,178 bp, the small single copy (SSC) region of 17,225 bp and two inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 25,642 bp. The plastome contained 114 genes, including four ribosomal RNA genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and 80 protein coding genes. The overall GC content was 38.2%. Result from phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. incana is a member of subfamily Ajugoideae, which is in turn sister to Scutellarioideae and Lamioideae.
“…For instance, the whole plant of Caryopteris incana has been used to treat conditions such as colds, rheumatic pain, and bacterial infections [3] . Furthermore, phytochemical analyses of plants from this genus have identified several classes of natural products, such as iridoid glucosides, [4] diterpenoids, [5] flavonoids, [6] phenylethanoid glucosides [7] …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[3] Furthermore, phytochemical analyses of plants from this genus have identified several classes of natural products, such as iridoid glucosides, [4] diterpenoids, [5] flavonoids, [6] phenylethanoid glucosides. [7] Caryopteris aureoglandulosa, also known as 'Jinxian-you', is a species from this genus. However, the chemical constituents of C. aureoglandulosa have not yet been reported.…”
This study describes the isolation and identification of two novel phenylethanoid glycosides, aureoglanduloside A (1) and aureoglanduloside B (2), as well as a newly discovered diterpene glycoside, aureoglanduloside C (29). Additionally, 31 known compounds were isolated from the n-butyl alcohol (BuOH) soluble fraction of Caryopteris aureoglandulosa whole dried plants. Their structures were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-ESI-MS). Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of all phenylethanoid glycosides were evaluated. Specifically, compounds 2 and 10-12 exhibited the ability to promote the phagocytosis of myelin by microglia, and compounds 2, 10-11, and 24 showed the ability to promote the phagocytosis of myelin by astrocytes.
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