New Iodine Food Composition Database and Updated Calculations of Iodine Intake among Norwegians

Abstract

Iodine food composition data of Norwegian foods have been sparse and knowledge about different dietary iodine sources limited. We compiled a comprehensive iodine food composition database and estimated dietary iodine intake among adults in the latest Norwegian national dietary survey (Norkost 3). The iodine content of food and beverages were compiled using international guidelines and standards. Iodine content of 3259 food items were compiled, including analytical values, values from other food composition databases, estimated values, and values that were based on recipes. Estimated iodine intake in the Norkost 3 population ranged from 15 to 1462 µg/day. Men had significantly higher intake of iodine than women (p < 0.001). The proportion of men and women with estimated iodine intake below average requirement was 19% and 33%, respectively. In young women, 46% had estimated iodine intakes below average requirement and a high probability of inadequate iodine intake. Several dietary sources contributed to iodine intake and differences in the consumption pattern may put subgroups at risk of insufficient iodine intake. In the coming years, the determination of iodine in foods and national dietary surveys should be regularly performed to monitor the iodine intake in the Norwegian population.

Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway

“…A salt intake of 3 g a day only contributes with 15 µg of iodine [19]. For other food items (e.g., bread, bread products and cereals, vegetables (all types), potatoes, meat and meat products, fruits and berries (all types), fats and oils), the mean iodine concentration is assumed to be 2-3 µg/100gram in Norway [19,20]. Historically, the inland area of Norway had major iodine deficiency 100 years ago, with endemic goiter in up to 80% of all school children [21,22].…”

Er inntaket av jod i befolkningen tilstrekkelig?

“…Fordi jod overføres til melken og melk hadde en viktig plass i kostholdet, ble jodmangel raskt utryddet (9,10). Melk og melkeprodukter er fortsatt den viktigste jodkilden i kostholdet vårt (11,12). Mager saltvannsfisk er også en viktig kilde.…”

“…Mager saltvannsfisk er også en viktig kilde. Inntaket av disse matvarene er imidlertid synkende, spesielt blant unge kvinner (12). Det er stor variasjon i jodinnholdet i ulike typer fisk.…”

“…I alle studiene blant gravide avdekket både beregnet jodinntak fra kosten og målingene av jod i urin at jodinntaket var utilstrekkelig. Derimot var jodinntaket tilstrekkelig blant spedbarn og småbarn som enten fikk jodberiket morsmelkerstatning eller kumelk (17,20,27), og blant ungdom, voksne menn og de vegetarianerne som inkluderte melk i kosten (12,20,28).…”

“…Artikler publisert i perioden 1. Jodinntaket beregnet fra kostregistrering i den nasjonale kostholdsundersøkelsen viste at menn hadde betydelig høyere jodinntak enn kvinner, og at unge kvinner hadde det laveste jodinntaket (12). Deltagere med rapportert inntak av jodholdige kosttilskudd hadde gjennomgående høyere jodkonsentrasjon i urin og/eller morsmelk, men medianverdi av ujod viste at også i denne gruppen var det mange med for lavt totalt jodinntak (18,20,21,(23)(24)(25).…”