New Intranuclear Symbiotic Bacteria from Macronucleus of Paramecium putrinum—“Candidatus Gortzia Yakutica”

Beliavskaia, Alexandra; Predeus, Alexander V.; Garushyants, Sofya K.; Logacheva, Maria D.; Gong, Jun; Zou, Songbao; Gelfand, Mikhail S.; Rautian, Maria

doi:10.3390/d12050198

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In some cases, bacterial symbionts have been identified in the nucleus of protozoan cells (reviewed in [ 12 ]). However, due to the difficulty recovering non-culturable bacteria from this location, very few infection/interaction studies have been performed and reproduced, which usually lead to further molecular and/or cellular investigations [ 39 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. For instance, the re-infection of an isolated protozoa by intranuclear symbiontic bacteria, which is able to recolonize again the nucleus of the cells of Hartmannella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the re-infection of an isolated protozoa by intranuclear symbiontic bacteria, which is able to recolonize again the nucleus of the cells of Hartmannella sp. and A. castellanii [ 39 ] or of some ciliates Paramecium [ 46 , 47 ], has been described. Intranuclear bacterial parasites have also been identified within mussels from deep-sea environments [ 48 ] or other invertebrates [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and a few pathogenic bacteria such as Burkholderia pseudomallei [ 52 ] or obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the Rickettesia genus [ 53 , 54 , 55 ] have been detected in the nucleoplasm of murine or human cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Bacteria Display Different Escape Mechanisms When Facing Their Protozoan Predators

2020

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Free-living amoeba are members of microbial communities such as biofilms in terrestrial, fresh, and marine habitats. Although they are known to live in close association with bacteria in many ecosystems such as biofilms, they are considered to be major bacterial predators in many ecosystems. Little is known on the relationship between protozoa and marine bacteria in microbial communities, more precisely on how bacteria are able survive in environmental niches where these bacterial grazers also live. The objective of this work is to study the interaction between the axenized ubiquitous amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii and four marine bacteria isolated from immersed biofilm, in order to evaluate if they would be all grazed upon by amoeba or if they would be able to survive in the presence of their predator. At a low bacteria-to-amoeba ratio, we show that each bacterium is phagocytized and follows a singular intracellular path within this host cell, which appears to delay or to prevent bacterial digestion. In particular, one of the bacteria was found in the amoeba nucleolar compartment whereas another strain was expelled from the amoeba in vesicles. We then looked at the fate of the bacteria grown in a higher bacteria-to-amoeba ratio, as a preformed mono- or multi-species biofilm in the presence of A. castellanii. We show that all biofilms were subjected to detachment from the surface in the presence of the amoeba or its supernatant. Overall, these results show that bacteria, when facing the same predator, exhibit a variety of escape mechanisms at the cellular and population level, when we could have expected a simple bacterial grazing. Therefore, this study unravels new insights into the survival of environmental bacteria when facing predators that they could encounter in the same microbial communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Bacteria Display Different Escape Mechanisms When Facing Their Protozoan Predators

2020

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“…Four families are recognized within Holosporales . Family Holosporaceae includes the renowned Holospora and the closely related Holospora ‐like bacteria (HLB) (Lanzoni et al ., 2016; Potekhin et al ., 2018; Fokin et al ., 2019; Beliavskaia et al ., 2020; Schrallhammer and Potekhin, 2020), typically associated with Paramecium and other peniculid ciliates. Holospora and HLB display a peculiar dimorphic infectious life cycle, along which they invade the host nuclear apparatus (Schrallhammer and Potekhin, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Candidatus Gromoviella agglomerans’, a novel intracellular Holosporaceae parasite of the ciliate Paramecium showing marked genome reduction

Castelli

Lanzoni

Giovannini

et al. 2021

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary Holosporales are an alphaproteobacterial lineage encompassing bacteria obligatorily associated with multiple diverse eukaryotes. For most representatives, little is known on the interactions with their hosts. In this study, we characterized a novel Holosporales symbiont of the ciliate Paramecium polycaryum. This bacterium inhabits the host cytoplasm, frequently forming quite large aggregates. Possibly due to such aggregates, host cells sometimes displayed lethal division defects. The symbiont was also able to experimentally stably infect another Paramecium polycaryum strain. The bacterium is phylogenetically related with symbionts of other ciliates and diplonemids, forming a putatively fast‐evolving clade within the family Holosporaceae. Similarly to many close relatives, it presents a very small genome (<600 kbp), and, accordingly, a limited predicted metabolism, implying a heavy dependence on Paramecium, thanks also to some specialized membrane transporters. Characterized features, including the presence of specific secretion systems, are overall suggestive of a mild parasitic effect on the host. From an evolutionary perspective, a potential ancestral trend towards pronounced genome reduction and possibly linked to parasitism could be inferred, at least among fast‐evolving Holosporaceae, with some lineage‐specific traits. Interestingly, similar convergent features could be observed in other host‐associated lineages, in particular Rickettsiales among Alphaproteobacteria.

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“…quadecaurelia (another native host); “ Ca . G. yakutica” (Beliavskaia et al, 2020) infected the macronucleus in P . putrinum and P .…”

Section: Holosporaceae Symbionts In Oligohymenophorean Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial symbiosis in ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Roads traveled and those still to be taken

Fokin

Serra

2022

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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underpin the argument that a total of 30,000 species for all Ciliophora is not unrealistic. Ciliates occupy highly diverse ecological niches. Most are free-living, some are epi and endocommensals, parasites of other unicellular organisms and metazoans, and serve as hosts for bacterial epi and endosymbionts, fungi, algae, and other protists (Dziallas et al., 2012;Görtz, 2006). Ecological and trophic preferences (e.g. being bacterivores) of ciliates seem to favor endosymbioses with bacteria and a diversity of symbiotic relationships. The biodiversity of prokaryotic symbionts in Ciliophora is fascinatingly rich; and it is not by chance they might harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria.Most of the studies published over the past decade in the field of symbiosis in ciliated protists address newly discovered or re-investigated systems of ciliate bacteria or have summarized such results (

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New Intranuclear Symbiotic Bacteria from Macronucleus of Paramecium putrinum—“Candidatus Gortzia Yakutica”

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Marine Bacteria Display Different Escape Mechanisms When Facing Their Protozoan Predators

Marine Bacteria Display Different Escape Mechanisms When Facing Their Protozoan Predators

‘Candidatus Gromoviella agglomerans’, a novel intracellular Holosporaceae parasite of the ciliate Paramecium showing marked genome reduction

Bacterial symbiosis in ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Roads traveled and those still to be taken

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