2021
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01121-y
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New Insights on Tramadol and Immunomodulation

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Cited by 9 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“… 32 The immunomodulatory effects of Tramadol are primarily attributed to the activation of central monoamine neurotransmitters through the regulated inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake by central neurons. 33 Lipid-soluble inhalation anesthetics, namely halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, have been observed to impact the membrane structure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), resulting in a reduction of their functionality. This effect is attributed to the weakening of the expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b and the inhibition of PMN adhesion to endothelial cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 32 The immunomodulatory effects of Tramadol are primarily attributed to the activation of central monoamine neurotransmitters through the regulated inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake by central neurons. 33 Lipid-soluble inhalation anesthetics, namely halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, have been observed to impact the membrane structure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), resulting in a reduction of their functionality. This effect is attributed to the weakening of the expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b and the inhibition of PMN adhesion to endothelial cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The immunomodulatory effects of tramadol have previously been shown to cause immunoenhancement via significantly enhanced NK cell activity and IL-2 production when administered acutely, but with ongoing chronic administration these immune effects disappeared (131). In other studies, the use of tramadol has been shown to preserve, but not stimulate, immune function when compared to other opioids such as morphine (132). This includes in vitro studies showing that morphine decreased monocyte phagocytosis but tramadol did not (133); morphine, methadone, and oxycodone inhibited IL-6 production but tramadol did not (134); that NK cell count decreases were less pronounced in gastric patients administered tramadol compared to morphine (135); and that tramadol administration reduced localized oedema and hyperalgesia without affecting immune mechanisms (136).…”
Section: Opioidsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…It does not inhibit the immune system like other opioids. 57 Unfortunately, tramadol is rarely used in oncology due to its weak analgesic effect and unpleasant side effects at higher doses.…”
Section: Pathophysiology Of Metastasismentioning
confidence: 99%