New insights on the species-specific allelopathic interactions between macrophytes and marine HAB dinoflagellates

Abstract

Macrophytes are known to release allelochemicals that have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of their competitors. Here, we investigated the effects of the fresh leaves of two magnoliophytes (Zostera noltei and Cymodocea nodosa) and thalli of the macroalgae Ulva rigida on three HAB-forming benthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima, and Coolia monotis). The effects of C. nodosa and U. rigida were also tested against the neurotoxic planktonic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum Litaker sp. nov (former Alexandrium catenella). Co-culture experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions and potential allelopathic effects of the macrophytes on the growth, photosynthesis and toxin production of the targeted dinoflagellates were evaluated. Results showed that U. rigida had the strongest algicidal effect and that the planktonic A. pacificum was the most vulnerable species. Benthic dinoflagellates seemed more tolerant to potential allelochemicals produced by macrophytes. Depending on the dinoflagellate/macrophyte pairs and the weight of leaves/thalli tested, the studied physiological processes were moderately to heavily altered. Our results suggest that the allelopathic activity of the macrophytes could influence the development of HAB species.

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

“…suspended bivalve shellfish and macroalgae, and benthic deposit feeders) to remove/reuse waste nutrient material discarded from the culturing of 'fed' species (finfish and crustaceans) thereby providing a self-sustaining and more productive food web ( Figure 2) (Soto 2009;Troell et al 2009;Chopin et al 2012). Macroalgae can also play a direct role in inhibiting the growth of microalgae, including HAB species, through competition for nutrients (Soto 2009;Holdt & Edwards 2014), inhibitory allelopathy (Tang & Gobler 2011;Ben Gharbia et al 2017;Zerrifi et al 2018), and/or by reducing light penetration (Zhou et al 2006;Wang et al 2007;Yang et al 2015).…”

Chemical Ecology of the Benthic Dinoflagellate Genus Ostreopsis: Review of Progress and Future Directions

“…Includes the cryptic species Ostreopsis sp. 5 in Chomérat et al, 2019 No toxic (1) Ostreotoxin 1 (2) Ostreotoxin 3 (2) Tindall and Miller, 1988;Tosteson et al, 1989;Mercado et al, 1995;Meunier et al, 1997;Ashton et al, 2003;Sato et al, 2011;Carnicer et al, 2015b;Chomérat et al, 2019;Fernández-Zabala et al, 2019 O. marinus (Faust, 1999) Unknown No pPLTX activity by HA using sheep erythrocytes Caribbean, Indian Ocean, Vietnam Faust, 1999;Carnicer et al, 2015a O. mascarenensis (Quod, 1994) Mascarenotoxin Rossi et al, 2010;David et al, 2013;Honsell et al, 2013;Nascimento et al, 2012a,b;Pezzolesi et al, 2012;Sechet et al, 2012;Hwang et al, 2013;Brissard et al, 2014Brissard et al, , 2015Dell'Aversano et al, 2014;García-Altares et al, 2015;Giussani et al, 2015;Ben et al, 2017 O. rhodesae (Verma et al, 2016) Unknown Cagide et al, 2009;Ciminiello et al, 2013;David et al, 2013;Verma et al, 2016 The review is not exhaustive and progresses in molecular and toxin analyses may result in rapid changes concerning both identity of species and their toxicity (Chomérat et al, 2019(Chomérat et al, , 2020 (García-Altares et al, 2015).…”

“…A relatively small but recent number of studies focus on interactions between Ostreopsis species and flora, microphytobenthos and macrophytes, suggesting different allelopathic interactions during the dinoflagellate bloom dynamics. In these studies, the degree of interaction has been measured using different physiology and morphology parameters of the tested organisms, namely, growth rate (García-Portela et al, 2016;Ben et al, 2017) fluorescence (Ben et al, 2017;Ternon et al, 2018) swimming speed (Yoo et al, 2015) adherence capability (García-Portela et al, 2016) cysts formation (Accoroni et al, 2016b) cellular integrity (variation of shape, size, nucleus position using lipid and nuclear staining; Pichierri et al, 2017) and toxin production (Ben et al, 2017). The interactions with micro-and macroalgae are presented next and summarized in the Figure 3.…”

“…Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Dyctyota dichotoma (Phaeophyceae) had a strong effect on O. cf. ovata by decreasing its growth, physiology, morphology, toxin production and behavior with a decrease of cell adherence (Accoroni et al, 2015;Ben et al, 2017). The potential allelochemical compounds produced by this macroalgae are still poorly known but could mainly include phenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs -Ben et al, 2017).…”

In silicoprediction of the secretome from the invasive neurotoxic marine dinoflagellateAlexandrium catenella

“…Using molecular crosstalk, HAB dinoflagellates may interact with other organisms and be influenced by them, as observed in the presence of macrophytes, microphytoplankton or parasites (e.g. Amoebophrya ceratii) (Legrand et al, 2003;Chambouvet et al, 2008Chambouvet et al, , 2011Laabir et al, 2013;Ben Gharbia et al, 2017). The secretome represents all the proteins secreted by an organism, including the extracellular matrix proteins, proteins released through the cell membrane and vesicle proteins (Chen, 2017;Gogleva et al, 2018).…”