New insights on the regulation of cancer cachexia by N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Gorjão, Renata; Momesso, César Miguel; Serdan, Tamires Duarte Afonso; Diniz, Vinícius Leonardo Sousa; Alba-Loureiro, Tatiana Carolina; Cury-Boaventura, Maria Fernanda; Hatanaka, Elaine; Levada‐Pires, Adriana Cristina; Sato, Fábio Takeo; Pithon-Curi, Tânia Cristina; Fernandes, Luíz Cláudio; Curi, Rui; Hirabara, Sandro Massao

doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.001

Cited by 64 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…A recent review article demonstrated that, during the last 23 years, in 31 clinical trials, cancer patients had some benefit from the use of omega-3 supplementation, mainly EPA. Regardless of the quantity of clinical and preclinical studies, this review concluded that the mechanisms underlying the benefits of omega-3 supplementation for cancer cachexia are still unknown [109]. Notably, EPA supplementation improved body weight and lean body mass in cancer patients by modulating circulating inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon- γ (IFN-γ), demonstrating an inhibitory effect on inflammatory parameters related to muscle atrophy and lipolysis [110].…”

Section: Anorexia-cachexia Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications

2019

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered immunonutrients and are commonly used in the nutritional therapy of cancer patients due to their ample biological effects. Omega-3 PUFAs play essential roles in cell signaling and in the cell structure and fluidity of membranes. They participate in the resolution of inflammation and have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. Additionally, they can act as agonists of G protein-coupled receptors, namely, GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4. Cancer patients undergo complications, such as anorexia-cachexia syndrome, pain, depression, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Interestingly, the 2017 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines for cancer patients only discuss the use of omega-3 PUFAs for cancer-cachexia treatment, leaving aside other cancer-related complications that could potentially be managed by omega-3 PUFA supplementation. This critical review aimed to discuss the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-related complications. Data compilation in this critical review indicates that further investigation is still required to assess the factual benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-associated illnesses. Nevertheless, preclinical evidence reveals that omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites might modulate pivotal pathways underlying complications secondary to cancer, indicating that this is a promising field of knowledge to be explored.

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Section: Anorexia-cachexia Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications

2019

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“…Continuous administration of a high dose of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, Dex) for 7 days significantly decreased the weight of the TA muscles by 9.8% (Table 1). Cancer cachexia also systemically induces the loss of skeletal muscle mass and this symptom is prominent in cancer patients [43]. Tumor-bearing mice with cachexia-inducible colon-26 adenocarcinoma (C26) cells have been used as cancer cachexia models [44].…”

Section: Changes In the Expression Of Skeletal Muscle Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Levels of Long Non-Coding RNAs Change in Models of Altered Muscle Activity and Muscle Mass

Hitachi

Nakatani

Funasaki

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ that is necessary for homeostasis and health of the human body. The size of skeletal muscle changes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Although protein-coding RNAs including myostatin, NF-κβ, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have pivotal roles in determining the skeletal muscle mass, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed expression profiling of nine skeletal muscle differentiation-related lncRNAs (DRR, DUM1, linc-MD1, linc-YY1, LncMyod, Neat1, Myoparr, Malat1, and SRA) and three genomic imprinting-related lncRNAs (Gtl2, H19, and IG-DMR) in mouse skeletal muscle. The expression levels of these lncRNAs were examined by quantitative RT-PCR in six skeletal muscle atrophy models (denervation, casting, tail suspension, dexamethasone-administration, cancer cachexia, and fasting) and two skeletal muscle hypertrophy models (mechanical overload and deficiency of the myostatin gene). Cluster analyses of these lncRNA expression levels were successfully used to categorize the muscle atrophy models into two sub-groups. In addition, the expression of Gtl2, IG-DMR, and DUM1 was altered along with changes in the skeletal muscle size. The overview of the expression levels of lncRNAs in multiple muscle atrophy and hypertrophy models provides a novel insight into the role of lncRNAs in determining the skeletal muscle mass.

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“…Given their ability to mitigate inflammation, DHA and EPA interventions in cancer patients have received increasing attention and the mechanisms are reviewed elsewhere [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ]. There is evidence that DHA and EPA modulate the inflammatory response, measured as cytokines or C-reactive protein, and affect resting energy expenditure in cancer patients [ 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 ].…”

Section: Omega-3 Lcpufas For Nutritional Care Of Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition

et al. 2020

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Life expectancy is increasing and so is the prevalence of age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, older people and patients present with multi-morbidities and more complex needs, putting significant pressure on healthcare systems. Effective nutrition interventions could be an important tool to address patient needs, improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Inflammation plays a central role in NCDs, so targeting it is relevant to disease prevention and treatment. The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are known to reduce inflammation and promote its resolution, suggesting a beneficial role in various therapeutic areas. An expert group reviewed the data on omega-3 LCPUFAs in specific patient populations and medical conditions. Evidence for benefits in cognitive health, age- and disease-related decline in muscle mass, cancer treatment, surgical patients and critical illness was identified. Use of DHA and EPA in some conditions is already included in some relevant guidelines. However, it is important to note that data on the effects of omega-3 LCPUFAs are still inconsistent in many areas (e.g., cognitive decline) due to a range of factors that vary amongst the trials performed to date; these factors include dose, timing and duration; baseline omega-3 LCPUFA status; and intake of other nutrients. Well-designed intervention studies are required to optimize the effects of DHA and EPA in specific patient populations and to develop more personalized strategies for their use.

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New insights on the regulation of cancer cachexia by N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Cited by 64 publications

References 237 publications

Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications

Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications

Expression Levels of Long Non-Coding RNAs Change in Models of Altered Muscle Activity and Muscle Mass

Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition

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