New insights on the doping of ZnO films with elements from group IIIA through electrochemical deposition

Recent progress on doped ZnO nanostructures for visible-light photocatalysis

“…The optimum content of Al 4 at.% in Al-doped ZnO for the enhanced photocatalytic activity was investigated [22]. It has been reported that the synthesis methods and process parameters influence on the properties of Al-doped ZnO and formation of the wider [153,154] or narrower AZO band gap [152,155].…”

Synthesis of Zn:Cu2O Thin Films Using a Single Step Electrodeposition for Photovoltaic Applications

“…Despite the promising benefits, achieving cation doping in electrodeposited Cu 2 O thin films, which feature low-energy, scalable, aqueous solution-based processing, has rarely been achieved experimentally . Cation doping in electrodeposited metal oxides in general is known to occur via coelectrodeposition of two different metal oxides (host and dopant). , Notably, anion doping of electrodeposited Cu 2 O with chloride has been achieved by the simultaneous codeposition of Cu 2 O and CuCl. , …”

“…16 Cation doping in electrodeposited metal oxides in general is known to occur via coelectrodeposition of two different metal oxides (host and dopant). 17,18 Notably, anion doping of electrodeposited Cu 2 O with chloride has been achieved by the simultaneous codeposition of Cu 2 O and CuCl. 19,20 To understand the challenge of cation doping in Cu 2 O by coelectrodeposition, it should be recalled that there are two common categories of cathodic electrodeposition of metal oxides.…”

Ga-Promoted Photocatalytic H2 Production over Pt/ZnO Nanostructures

“…8 In addition, nanostructuring ZnO and obtaining it in the form of 1D and 2D ZnO nanomaterials like nanorods, nanowires, nanotips, and nanoplatelets, have helped to further improve its photoactivity. 9−13 Another approach to improving the photoactivity of ZnO is the substitution of Zn 2+ ions with higher valence cations such as In 3+ , Al 3+ , and Ga 3+ (n-doping) that can act as efficient shallow donors 14 and thus increase the electronic conductivity. Among these, Ga is a good candidate because of its high solubility in ZnO structures as a result of the smaller ionic radius of Ga 3+ (0.62 Å) compared to Zn 2+ (0.74 Å).…”

“…This process is, however, strongly suppressed in the presence of suitable hole scavengers like alcohols or sulfide/sulfite mixtures. , Chemical modifications of ZnO, like coupling it with other semiconductors, have displayed the capability of enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency by promoting electron transfer . In addition, nanostructuring ZnO and obtaining it in the form of 1D and 2D ZnO nanomaterials like nanorods, nanowires, nanotips, and nanoplatelets, have helped to further improve its photoactivity. − Another approach to improving the photoactivity of ZnO is the substitution of Zn 2+ ions with higher valence cations such as In 3+ , Al 3+ , and Ga 3+ (n-doping) that can act as efficient shallow donors and thus increase the electronic conductivity. Among these, Ga is a good candidate because of its high solubility in ZnO structures as a result of the smaller ionic radius of Ga 3+ (0.62 Å) compared to Zn 2+ (0.74 Å).…”