New Insights on Euphorbia dendroides L. (Euphorbiaceae): Polyphenol Profile and Biological Properties of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Aerial Parts

Abstract

Euphorbia dendroides L. is a rounded shrub commonly found in the Mediterranean area well-known, since ancient times, for its traditional use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical profile as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flower (FE), leaf (LE), fruit (FrE), and branch (BE) hydroalcoholic extracts. For this purpose, a preliminary phytochemical screening followed by RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, as well as several in vitro cell-free colorimetric assays, were carried out. Moreover, the toxicity of the extracts was investigated by the brine shrimp lethality assay. All extracts showed a high content of polyphenols, in particular phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid 0.74–13.80 g/100 g) and flavonoids (rutin 0.05–2.76 g/100 g and isovitexin 8.02 in BE). All the extracts showed strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with, on average, the following order of potency: FE, LE, FrE, and BE. Interestingly, all the extracts investigated did not show any toxicity on Artemia salina. Moreover, the only LD50 found (BE, 8.82 mg/mL) is well above the concentration range, which has been shown the biological properties. Considering this, this study offers the first evidence of the possible use of the polyphenol extracts from the aerial parts of E. dendroides as promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Blackberry Leaves as New Functional Food? Screening Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Microbiological Activities in Correlation with Phytochemical Analysis

“…The reaction mixture was shaken and incubated at room temperature for 30 min in the dark. The absorbance of 25 μL of water or a 3:7 v / v water-methanol mixture and 175 μL of methanol was measured at 517 nm against a blank (25 μL of water or a 3:7 v / v water-methanol mixture and 175 μL of methanol) [ 10 ]. Six replicates were used in the analysis.…”

“…A volume of 150 µL CUPRAC reagent (equivalent volumes of 7.5 mM neocuproine solution in 96% ethanol, acetate buffer (pH = 7.0), and 10 mM CuCl 2 ·H 2 O solution) was added to 50 µL extracts in a well of a 96-well plate for the CUPRAC assay [ 10 ]. The plate underwent shaking for 5 min before being incubated at room temperature for 25 min in the dark.…”

“…Leaves are byproducts of berry cultivation and are often treated as waste when growing fruit. The use of agri-food waste products, such as leaves, seeds, bark and branches, is not a new approach, but becoming an increasingly important alternative to obtaining raw materials with significant economic potential [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, it is also worth looking at the content of bioactive compounds in the leaves and their application.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Properties of Leaf and Rhizome Extracts from the Medicinal Plant Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W. D. J. Koch

“…Total phenols were quantified according to Smeriglio et al [28]. Briefly, 50 µL of LE and RE (12.5-100 µg/mL) and gallic acid as the reference standard (75.0-600 µg/mL) were added to 450 µL of deionized water and 500 µL of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.…”

Characterization of Ingredients Incorporated in the Traditional Mixed-Salad of the Capuchin Monks

“…The flavonoid content was quantified according to Smeriglio et al [ 78 ]. Briefly, 200 µL of each extract solution (3–12.0 mg/mL for PCF, RAF, CIF, CIC and ADF; 6.0–24.0 mg/mL for ADC and RAC; 0.20–0.80 mg/mL for PCC) were added to 2 mg/mL AlCl 3 (1:1, v / v ), and brought up to 1.6 mL with 50 mg/mL sodium acetate.…”