“…Flavonoids are composed of a group of diverse polyphenols with similar backbone structures (Xiao, 2017), and they have been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, such as with anti-oxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic benefits (Xiao, 2017;Yang, Liu, Yang, Gupta, & Jiang, 2018). Traditionally, flavonoids can be categorized into six subclasses, including flavonols, flavones, isoflavonoids, flavanols, flavanones, and anthocyanins (Yang et al, 2018). By far, most of the flavonoids have been reportedly found in fruits, vegetables, and grains (Merken & Beecher, 2000).…”