New insights into virus yellows distribution in Europe and effects of beet yellows virus, beet mild yellowing virus, and beet chlorosis virus on sugar beet yield following field inoculation

Hossain, Roxana; Menzel, W.; Lachmann, Celin; Varrelmann, Mark

doi:10.1111/ppa.13306

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A. phytopathogenicus', however. Several viruses caused by Beet yellows virus (BYV), beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and beet mosaic virus (BtMV) cause virus yellows (VY) disease in sugar beet, resulting in high economic losses [13]. Other bacterioses of sugar beet have been recently analysed, including the Rubbery Taproot Disease caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' in the Pannonian Plain or a related strain from Germany [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Detecting ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ Infection in Sugar Beet

Zübert

Kube

2021

Pathogens

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The γ-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ is assigned as the major pathogen of “Syndrome des basses richesses”, a sugar beet disease characterised by a reduction in the sugar content of taproots and biomass yield. Despite the economic impact of this bacteriosis, diagnostics for this important pathogen currently rely on end-point PCR detection. Herein, we introduce a TaqMan qPCR for diagnostics of the agent targeting genes encoding a heat shock protein of the Hsp20 family and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase. Quantitation with synthetic oligonucleotides as standard showed that the developed TaqMan qPCR assays enable the detection of up to 100 target copies. A comparison between the TaqMan qPCR and end-point PCR for ‘Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ detection was carried out on 78 sugar beet samples from different locations in southern Germany. The newly developed assays enable the fast, reliable and sensitive detection of ‘Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ in sugar beet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Detecting ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ Infection in Sugar Beet

Zübert

Kube

2021

Pathogens

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“…According to Hauer et al ( 2017 ), the use of neonicotinoid-treated seeds increased sugar yields in areas with pests by an average of 7% compared with no insecticide use. However, other studies suggest that crop loss could be significantly higher (Hossain et al 2021 ). Because of the widespread use of neonicotinoids in Europe prior to 2019, there have thus far been few studies that can show the likely crop loss due to natural infection in the field.…”

Section: Neonicotinoids Are Banned In the Eu Yet Widely Usedmentioning

confidence: 94%

What is an emergency? Neonicotinoids and emergency situations in plant protection in the EU

Epstein

Chapron

Verheggen

2022

Ambio

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Actions potentially harmful to the environment that are otherwise illegal are sometimes permitted in cases of emergency. How to define an emergency can therefore be both controversial and highly consequential. In this article, we explore one such contemporary controversy: when the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, banned in the EU, can nevertheless be granted an emergency authorization. We analyse several questions, currently before the EU Court of Justice in the ongoing Pesticide Action Network Europe and Others case, that will determine the scope of an “emergency” in the context of derogating from the Pesticide Regulation, and that may impact how “emergencies” are defined in other legal contexts. We argue that the circumstances do not support a legal finding that emergency authorization is justified in this case, and that, in general, “emergencies” must be narrowly defined when justifying measures that involve risks to human health and the environment.

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“…For example, while the viruses causing virus yellows of sugar beet were managed with neonicotinoids, the development of alternative management methods, such as virus-resistant cultivars, was neglected. After the use of neonicotinoids in the EU was banned, virus yellows has re-emerged as an immediate threat to sugar beet cultivation (Hossain et al, 2021).…”

Section: Identification Of Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production

et al. 2022

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This review addresses ways to prepare for and to mitigate effects of biohazards on primary production of crops and livestock. These biohazards can be natural or intentional introductions of pathogens, and they can cause major economic damage to farmers, the agricultural industry, society, and international trade. Agroterrorism is the intentional introduction of animal or plant pathogens into agricultural production systems with the intention to cause socioeconomic harm and generate public fear. Although few acts of agroterrorism are reported, the threat of agroterrorism in Europe is real. New concerns about threats arise from the rapid advancements in biotechnology and emerging technologies. FORSA, an analytical framework for risk and vulnerability analysis, was used to review how to prepare for and mitigate the possible effects of natural or intentional biohazards in agricultural production. Analyzing the effects of a biohazard event involves multiple scientific disciplines. A comprehensive analysis of biohazards therefore requires a systems approach. The preparedness and ability to manage events are strengthened by bolstered farm biosecurity, increased monitoring and laboratory capacity, improved inter-agency communication and resource allocation. The focus of this review is on Europe, but the insights gained have worldwide applications. The analytical framework used here is compared to other frameworks. With climate change, Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, the supply chains are challenged, and we foresee increasing food prices associated with social tensions. Our food supply chain becomes more fragile with more unknowns, thereby increasing the needs for risk and vulnerability analyses, of which FORSA is one example.

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New insights into virus yellows distribution in Europe and effects of beet yellows virus, beet mild yellowing virus, and beet chlorosis virus on sugar beet yield following field inoculation

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Application of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Detecting ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ Infection in Sugar Beet

Application of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Detecting ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ Infection in Sugar Beet

What is an emergency? Neonicotinoids and emergency situations in plant protection in the EU

Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production

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