New insights into the role of the porcine intestinal yeast,<i>Kazachstania slooffiae</i>, in intestinal environment of weaned piglets

Urubschurov, Vladimir; Büsing, Kirsten; Freyer, G.; Herlemann, Daniel P. R.; Souffrant, Wolfgang-Bernhard; Zeyner, Annette

doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw245

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…On another level, we provided evidences of the association between piglets body weight after weaning and members from the fungal and protists gut eukaryote community. A previous study with growing piglets, reported no significant effects on growth performance parameters upon oral supplementation with K. slooffiae [57]. However, a recent detailed metabolic study conducted by the same authors [58] under laboratory conditions with cultures of K. slooffiae, concluded that this yeast produces peptides and short chain fatty acids that might benefit the gut health, and provides an additional protein source that contains essential amino acids and other useful growth factors for the animal [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

et al. 2020

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Background: The pig gut microbiome harbors thousands of species of archaea, bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes such as protists and fungi. However, since the majority of published studies have been focused on prokaryotes, little is known about the diversity, host-genetic control, and contributions to host performance of the gut eukaryotic counterparts. Here we report the first study that aims at characterizing the diversity and composition of gut commensal eukaryotes in pigs, exploring their putative control by host genetics, and analyzing their association with piglets body weight. Results: Fungi and protists from the faeces of 514 healthy Duroc pigs of two sexes and two different ages were characterized by 18S and ITS ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The pig gut mycobiota was dominated by yeasts, with a high prevalence and abundance of Kazachstania spp. Regarding protists, representatives of four genera (Blastocystis, Neobalantidium, Tetratrichomonas and Trichomitus) were predominant in more than the 80% of the pigs. Heritabilities for the diversity and abundance of gut eukaryotic communities were estimated with the subset of 60d aged piglets (N = 390). The heritabilities of α-diversity and of the abundance of fungal and protists genera were low, ranging from 0.15 to 0.28. A genome wide association study reported genetic variants related to the fungal α-diversity and to the abundance of Blastocystis spp. Annotated candidate genes were mainly associated with immunity, gut homeostasis and metabolic processes. Additionally, we explored the association of gut commensal eukaryotes with piglet body weight. Our results pointed to a positive contribution of fungi from the Kazachstania genus, while protists displayed both positive (Blastocystis and Entamoeba) and negative (Trichomitus) associations with piglet body weight. Conclusions: Our results point towards a minor and taxa specific genetic control over the diversity and composition of the pig gut eukaryotic communities. Moreover, we provide evidences of the associations between piglets' body weight after weaning and members from the gut fungal and protist eukaryote community. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of considering, along with that of bacteria, the contribution of the gut eukaryote communities to better understand host-microbiome association and their role on pig performance, welfare and health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

et al. 2020

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“…weaning). Based on their original findings, the same research group studied the effect of a K. slooffiae strain isolated from pigs' faeces on growth performance, intestinal microbial metabolites and gut microbiota (Urubschurov et al, 2016). While we acknowledge that this approach may not necessarily lead to the best potential candidates as probiotic species, and that multiple in vitro tests are advisable to determine the functionality, it is also true that this line of thought (i.e.…”

Section: Should We Choose An Indigenous or A Foreign Microorganism Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

García-Mazcorro

Ishaq

Rodriguez‐Herrera³

et al. 2020

Animal

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All livestock animal species harbour complex microbial communities throughout their digestive tract that support vital biochemical processes, thus sustaining health and productivity. In part as a consequence of the strong and ancient alliance between the host and its associated microbes, the gut microbiota is also closely related to productivity traits such as feed efficiency. This phenomenon can help researchers and producers develop new and more effective microbiome-based interventions using probiotics, also known as direct-fed microbials (DFMs), in Animal Science. Here, we focus on one type of such beneficial microorganisms, the yeast Saccharomyces. Saccharomyces is one of the most widely used microorganisms as a DFM in livestock operations. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different species, strains and doses of Saccharomyces (mostly Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on gut microbial ecology, health, nutrition and productivity traits of several livestock species. However, the possible existence of Saccharomyces which are indigenous to the animals’ digestive tract has received little attention and has never been the subject of a review. We for the first time provide a comprehensive review, with the objective of shedding light into the possible existence of indigenous Saccharomyces of the digestive tract of livestock. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a nomadic yeast able to survive in a broad range of environments including soil, grass and silages. Therefore, it is very likely that cattle and other animals have been in direct contact with this and other types of Saccharomyces throughout their entire existence. However, to date, the majority of animal scientists seem to agree that the presence of Saccharomyces in any section of the gut only reflects dietary contamination; in other words, these are foreign organisms that are only transiently present in the gut. Importantly, this belief (i.e. that Saccharomyces come solely from the diet) is often not well grounded and does not necessarily hold for all the many other groups of microbes in the gut. In addition to summarizing the current body of literature involving Saccharomyces in the digestive tract, we discuss whether the beneficial effects associated with the consumption of Saccharomyces may be related to its foreign origin, though this concept may not necessarily satisfy the theories that have been proposed to explain probiotic efficacy in vivo. This novel review may prove useful for biomedical scientists and others wishing to improve health and productivity using Saccharomyces and other beneficial microorganisms.

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“…Kazachstania, a species complex of Ascomycetous yeasts, has been isolated from a number of captive species, including K. heterogenica and K. pintolopesii from rodents, K. slooffiae from pigs and horses and K. bovina from cows and birds [56]. Although little is known about its functions, recent experimental studies have shown the importance of Kazachstania for the development of a healthy porcine microbiome, where Kazachstania populations support growth of SCFA-producing bacteria [57,58]. On the [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How being synanthropic affects the gut bacteriome and mycobiome: comparison of two mouse species with contrasting ecologies

et al. 2020

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Background: The vertebrate gastrointestinal tract is colonised by microbiota that have a major effect on the host's health, physiology and phenotype. Once introduced into captivity, however, the gut microbial composition of freeliving individuals can change dramatically. At present, little is known about gut microbial changes associated with adaptation to a synanthropic lifestyle in commensal species, compared with their non-commensal counterparts. Here, we compare the taxonomic composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities across three gut sections in synanthropic house mouse (Mus musculus) and a closely related non-synanthropic mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus). Results: Using Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons, we found higher bacterial diversity in M. spicilegus and detected 11 bacterial operational taxonomic units with significantly different proportions. Notably, abundance of Oscillospira, which is typically higher in lean or outdoor pasturing animals, was more abundant in non-commensal M. spicilegus. ITS2-based barcoding revealed low diversity and high uniformity of gut fungi in both species, with the genus Kazachstania clearly dominant. Conclusions: Though differences in gut bacteria observed in the two species can be associated with their close association with humans, changes due to a move from commensalism to captivity would appear to have caused larger shifts in microbiota.

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New insights into the role of the porcine intestinal yeast,Kazachstania slooffiae, in intestinal environment of weaned piglets

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

How being synanthropic affects the gut bacteriome and mycobiome: comparison of two mouse species with contrasting ecologies

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