New Insights into the Non-orthodox Two Component Rcs Phosphorelay System

Guo, Xiao-Peng; Sun, Yicheng

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02014

Cited by 53 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…The Rcs phosphorelay is an atypical TCS conserved in Enterobacteriaceae that allows bacteria to perceive external environment stimuli and modify gene expression (Clarke, 2010;Guo and Sun, 2017); however, its functional activity in Y. enterocolitica has not been reported. In the present work, we found that the flhDC, hmsT, hmsHFRS, and ftsAZ genes expression regulated by Rcs phosphorelay were repressed by OPGs deficiency, but deletion of rcsF, rcsC, and rcsB encoding Rcs phosphorelay components in opgGH mutant restored expression levels of flhDC, hmsT, hmsHFRS and ftsAZ, as well as cell motility, c-di-GMP production and biofilm formation in Y. enterocolitica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmoregulated Periplasmic Glucans Transmit External Signals Through Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in Yersinia enterocolitica

Meng

Huang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Fast response to environmental changes plays a key role in the transmission and pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolitica. Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are known to be involved in environmental perception of several Enterobacteriaceae pathogens; however, the biological function of OPGs in Y. enterocolitica is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of OPGs in Y. enterocolitica by deleting the opgGH operon encoding enzymes responsible for OPGs biosynthesis. Complete loss of OPGs in the opgGH mutant resulted in decreased motility, c-di-GMP production, biofilm formation and smaller cell size, whereas the overproduction of OPGs through restoration of opgGH expression promoted c-di-GMP/biofilm production and increased antibiotic resistance of Y. enterocolitica. Gene expression analysis revealed that opgGH deletion reduced transcription of flhDC, ftsAZ, hmsT and hmsHFRS genes regulated by the Rcs phosphorelay system, whereas additional deletion of rcs family genes (rcsF, rcsC, or rcsB) reversed this effect and restored motility and c-di-GMP/biofilm production but further reduced cell size. Furthermore, disruption of the Rcs phosphorelay increased the motility and promoted the induction of biofilm and c-di-GMP production regulated by OPGs through upregulating the expression of flhDC, hmsHFRS, and hmsT. However, deletion of genes encoding the EnvZ/OmpR phosphorelay downregulated the flhDC, hmsHFRS and hmsT expression, leading to the decreased motility and prevented the induction of biofilm and c-di-GMP production regulated by OPGs. These results indicated that Rcs phosphorelay had the effect on OPGs-mediated functional responses in Y. enterocolitica. Our findings disclose part of the biological role of OPGs and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with Rcs system in the regulation of the pathogenic phenotype in Y. enterocolitica.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmoregulated Periplasmic Glucans Transmit External Signals Through Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in Yersinia enterocolitica

Meng

Huang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…RcsF is an OM lipoprotein component of the Rcs system, a stresssignaling cascade complex involving at least six components (Wall et al, 2018). RscF is the sensor which detects the damage caused by chemicals targeting to the OM or peptidoglycan and activates the RcsB regulator of the system (Guo and Sun, 2017). The phosphorylated RcsB can positively regulate the FtsZ gene involved in the cell division (Konovalova et al, 2016;Guo and Sun, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RscF is the sensor which detects the damage caused by chemicals targeting to the OM or peptidoglycan and activates the RcsB regulator of the system (Guo and Sun, 2017). The phosphorylated RcsB can positively regulate the FtsZ gene involved in the cell division (Konovalova et al, 2016;Guo and Sun, 2017). The FtsZ-mediated Z-ring force determines the direction of the cell wall growth and indirectly determines the cell shape (Cabeen and Jacobs-Wagner, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic AMP-CRP Modulates the Cell Morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae in High-Glucose Environment

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Bacteria can modify their morphology in response to environmental stimuli for survival or host defense evasion. The rich glucose in vivo or in the Luria-Bertani (LB) medium shortened the cell length of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The environmental glucose decreased the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the transcription of crp, which declined the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein (cAMP-CRP) activity. The cell length of crp deletion mutant was significantly shorter than that of the wild type (0.981 ± 0.057 µm vs. 2.415 ± 0.075 µm, P < 0.001). These results indicated that the high environmental glucose alters the bacterial morphology to a round form through regulating the activity of cAMP-CRP complex. Comparative proteomics analysis showed increased expression of 10 proteins involved in cell division or cell wall biosynthesis in the crp deletion strain. Five of them (ompA, tolB, ybgC, ftsI, and rcsF) were selected to verify their expression in the high-glucose environment, and overexpression of tolB or rcsF shortened the bacterial length similar to that of the crp deletion strain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that CRP directly negatively regulates the transcription of tolB and rcsF by binding to the promoter regions. This study first proved the role and partial regulation mechanism of CRP in altering cell morphology during infection and provided a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism in diabetes mellitus susceptible to K. pneumoniae.

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“…1). In other microbes, similarly complex pathways exist, e.g., Vibrio lux (40,41), Escherichia coli Rcs (42,43), Pseudomonas Roc (44), and Gac/RetS/Lad (45)(46)(47)(48)(49). For example, in P. aeruginosa, four sensor kinases feed into a pathway that controls, among other things, biofilm formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Calcium as a Biofilm-Promoting Signal for Vibrio fischeri Reveals New Phenotypes and Underlying Regulatory Complexity

et al. 2018

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uses biofilm formation to promote symbiotic colonization of its squid host, Control over biofilm formation is exerted at the level of transcription of the symbiosis polysaccharide () locus by a complex set of two-component regulators. Biofilm formation can be induced by overproduction of the sensor kinase RscS, which requires the activities of the hybrid sensor kinase SypF and the response regulator SypG and is negatively regulated by the sensor kinase BinK. Here, we identify calcium as a signal that promotes biofilm formation by biofilm-competent strains under conditions in which biofilms are not typically observed (growth with shaking). This was true for RscS-overproducing cells as well as for strains in which only the negative regulator was deleted. The latter results provided, for the first time, an opportunity to induce and evaluate biofilm formation without regulator overexpression. Using these conditions, we determined that calcium induces both-dependent and bacterial cellulose synthesis ()-dependent biofilms at the level of transcription of these loci. The calcium-induced biofilms were dependent on SypF, but SypF's Hpt domain was sufficient for biofilm formation. These data suggested the involvement of another sensor kinase(s) and led to the discovery that both RscS and a previously uncharacterized sensor kinase, HahK, functioned in this pathway. Together, the data presented here reveal both a new signal and biofilm phenotype produced by cells, the coordinate production of two polysaccharides involved in distinct biofilm behaviors, and a new regulator that contributes to control over these processes. Biofilms, or communities of surface-attached microorganisms adherent via a matrix that typically includes polysaccharides, are highly resistant to environmental stresses and are thus problematic in the clinic and important to study. forms biofilms to colonize its symbiotic host, making this organism useful for studying biofilms. Biofilm formation depends on the polysaccharide locus and its regulators. Here, we identify a signal, calcium, that induces both SYP-PS and cellulose-dependent biofilms. We also identify a new regulator, the sensor kinase HahK, and discover a mutant phenotype for the sensor kinase RscS. This work thus reveals a specific biofilm-inducing signal that coordinately controls two polysaccharides, identifies a new regulator, and clarifies the regulatory control over biofilm formation by.

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New Insights into the Non-orthodox Two Component Rcs Phosphorelay System

Cited by 53 publications

References 94 publications

Osmoregulated Periplasmic Glucans Transmit External Signals Through Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in Yersinia enterocolitica

Osmoregulated Periplasmic Glucans Transmit External Signals Through Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in Yersinia enterocolitica

Cyclic AMP-CRP Modulates the Cell Morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae in High-Glucose Environment

Discovery of Calcium as a Biofilm-Promoting Signal for Vibrio fischeri Reveals New Phenotypes and Underlying Regulatory Complexity

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