New insights into the mechanism of HIV-1 trans-activation

Karn, Jonathan; Graeble, Maria A.

doi:10.1016/0168-9525(92)90284-b

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mechanisms of antiterinination in bacteria can serve as a model for antitermination phenomena in eukaryotic viruses, in particular in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Harada et al, 1996;Cheng et al, 1991;Karn and Graeble, 1992). Thus, the Tat protein of HIV activates transcription from the promoter in the 5' long terminal repeat of the virus genome and enhances the processivity of elongating transcription complexes in a manner reminiscent of the phage ; , N protein.…”

Section: Tu Miinchen Lichtenbergstr 4 D-85747 Caching Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the NusB Protein of Escherichia Coli Expression and Determination of Secondary‐Structure Elements by Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy

Berglechner

Richter

Fischer

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The product of the nusB gene of Escherichia coli modulates the efficiency of transcription termination at I Z M~ (N utilization) sites of various bacterial and bacteriophage i genes. Similar control mechanisms operate in eukaryotic viruses (e.g. human immunodeficiency virus). A recombinant strain of E. coli producing relatively large amounts of NusB protein (about 10% of cell protein) was constructed. The protein could be purified with high yield by anion-exchange Chromatography followed by gel-permeation chromatography. The protein is a monomer of 15.6 kDa as shown by analytical ultracentrifugation. Structural studies were performed using protein samples labelled with "N, "C and *H in various combinations.Heteronuclear three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR experiments combined with a semi-automatic assignment procedure yielded the sequential assignment of the 'H, "C and "N backbone resonances. Based on experimentally derived scalar couplings, chemical-shift values, amide-exchange data, and a semiquantitative interpretation of NOE data, the secondary structure of NusB has classified as (x helical, comprising seven a helices.

show abstract

Section: Tu Miinchen Lichtenbergstr 4 D-85747 Caching Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the NusB Protein of Escherichia Coli Expression and Determination of Secondary‐Structure Elements by Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy

Berglechner

Richter

Fischer

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Efficient transcriptional elongation through the integrated HIV genome requires the viral-encoded transactivator TAT, which acts via interaction with the highly structured trans-activation-response (TAR) RNA that is found at the 5' end of all viral transcripts (reviewed by Cullen, 1991;Frankel, 1992;Karn, 1991;Karn & Graeble, 1992); in the absence of Tat, transcription initiating from the viral LTR terminates prematurely within several hundred nucleotides and only short RNAs are recovered (Kao et al, 1987). The regulation of transcriptional elongation by Tat has been demonstrated both in transfected human cells (Kao et al, 1987) and in reconstituted in vitro transcription reactions (Graeble et al, 1993;Kato et al, 1992;Lapsia et al, 1989Lapsia et al, , 1993Marciniak & Sharp, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Position of TAR on Transcriptional Activation by HIV-1 Tatin Vivo

Wright

Luccarini

1996

Journal of Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The R region, located immediately downstream of the transcription initiation site, contains the tat responsive element (TAR), an RNA hairpin with which tat interacts to increase the efficiency of transcription elongation and/or initiation (reviewed in Cullen, 1990;Rosen, 1991;Frankel, 1992;Karn and Graeble, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin disruption in the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transcriptional activation.

1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chromatin organization of eukaryotic promoters is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the regulation of transcription in vivo. To determine the role of chromatin in HIV‐1 expression, we have examined the nucleosome organization of the promoter of HIV‐1 under low and high transcription rates. Independently of the cell line examined, nucleosomes are precisely positioned in the viral 5′ long terminal repeat (5′ LTR) and define two large nucleosome‐free regions encompassing nt 200–450 and 610–720. A nucleosome positioned between these two regions, immediately after the transcription initiation site (nuc‐1), is disrupted following TPA or TNF‐alpha treatment. The disruption of nuc‐1 from DNA is independent of DNA replication since it is completed in 20 min and independent of transcription as it is alpha‐amanitin insensitive. A model is proposed in which nuc‐1 plays an organizing role in the HIV‐1 promoter to bring in close proximity factors bound to DNA in the two nucleosome‐free regions, upstream and downstream of the site of transcription initiation. These results define chromatin as an integral component of the HIV‐1 transcriptional regulatory machinery and identify a chromatin transition associated with activation of viral gene expression.

show abstract

New insights into the mechanism of HIV-1 trans-activation

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Studies on the NusB Protein of Escherichia Coli Expression and Determination of Secondary‐Structure Elements by Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy

Studies on the NusB Protein of Escherichia Coli Expression and Determination of Secondary‐Structure Elements by Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy

Effect of the Position of TAR on Transcriptional Activation by HIV-1 Tatin Vivo

Chromatin disruption in the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during transcriptional activation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About