New Insights into the Plutella xylostella Detoxifying Enzymes: Sequence Evolution, Structural Similarity, Functional Diversity, and Application Prospects of Glucosinolate Sulfatases

Abstract

Brassica plants have glucosinolate (GLs)-myrosinase defense mechanisms to deter herbivores. However, Plutella xylostella specifically feeds on Brassica vegetables. The larvae possess three glucosinolate sulfatases (PxGSS1−3) that compete with plant myrosinase for shared GLs substrates and produce nontoxic desulfo-GLs (deGLs). Although PxGSSs are considered potential targets for pest control, the lack of a comprehensive review has hindered the development of PxGSSs-targeted pest control methods. Recent advances in integrative multi-omics analysis, substrate-enzyme kinetics, and molecular biological techniques have elucidated the evolutionary origin and functional diversity of these three PxGSSs. This review summarizes research progress on PxGSSs over the past 20 years, covering sequence properties, evolution, protein modification, enzyme activity, structural variation, substrate specificity, and interaction scenarios based on functional diversity. Finally, we discussed the potential applications of PxGSSstargeted pest control technologies driven by artificial intelligence, including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene drive, transgenic plantmediated RNAi, small-molecule inhibitors, and peptide inhibitors. These technologies have the potential to overcome current management challenges and promote the development and field application of PxGSSs-targeted pest control.

Glucose Oxidase of a Crucifer-Specialized Insect: A Potential Role in Suppressing Plant Defense via Modulating Antagonistic Plant Hormones

“…The retention of relatively constitutive expression of PxGOX may be a functional redundancy for compensation of the other two paralogs, which is similar to the triplicate glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) genes of P. xylostella. − …”

N-Terminal α-Helices in Domain I of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Play Crucial Roles in Disruption of Liposomal Membrane

“…The S. litura colony was reared on a soybean-based artificial diet at 27 °C with 50% humidity and a photoperiod 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. The larvae of Bt-susceptible P. xylostella was kindly provided by the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University [ 45 ].…”

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sulfamate–Adamantane Derivatives as Glucosinolate Sulfatase Inhibitors

“…P. xylostella GSSs are primarily located in the midgut and consist of three proteins, GSS1, GSS2, and GSS3 . GSS1 and GSS2 are nearly identical in their amino acid sequences, while GSS3 is less similar to GSS1. , Except for 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl (1MOI3M), all of the tested glucosinolates are accepted as substrates for GSS1; GSS2 desulfates glucosinolates that derived from Met and Phe or Trp; and GSS3 desulfates glucosinolates derived from Phe, Trp, and Val but not Met .…”