New Insights Into the Comorbidity Between ADHD and Major Depression in Adolescent and Young Adult Females

Biederman, Joseph; Ball, Sarah; Monuteaux, Michael C.; Mick, Eric; Spencer, Thomas; McCreary, Michelle; Cote, M.L.; Faraone, Stephen V.

doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31816429d3

Cited by 261 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…With higher base‐rate levels of emotional problems among girls in the general Swedish population 74, the associations between ADHD and internalizing/emotional problems reported here could to some extent be explained by covariation. However, higher rates of internalizing and/or emotional problems among girls with ADHD have been commonly reported in both clinical and population‐ or community‐based studies 8, 16, 19, 29, 46, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81. Thus, ADHD symptoms seem to contribute to the total internalizing problem load in a gender‐specific manner 61.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ADHD affects both boys and girls in all areas of functioning, for example, academically, cognitively, psychosocially, and psychiatrically 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Even though ADHD is associated with coexisting externalizing and internalizing disorders in both genders, girls with ADHD are significantly more likely to display internalizing disorders than boys with ADHD 25, 31, 32, 33.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls

Selinus

Molero

Lichtenstein

et al. 2016

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveTo examine the association between different levels of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and sex differences in psychosocial outcomes during adolescence.MethodSwedish children (n = 4635) were screened for neuropsychiatric symptoms at age 9 or 12. ADHD symptoms were divided into three levels: screen‐negative, screen‐intermediate, and screen‐positive. At follow‐up (age 15), parents and teenagers filled out questionnaires regarding (i) hyperactivity/inattention, (ii) peer problems, (iii) school problems, (iv) internalizing problems, (v) antisocial behaviour, (vi) alcohol misuse, and (vii) drug misuse. All outcomes were controlled for symptoms of diagnostic categories other than ADHD.ResultsIncreasing levels of ADHD symptoms in childhood were associated with higher proportions of adolescents who displayed negative psychosocial outcomes. More girls than boys reported internalizing problems (all levels) and risky drug use (screen‐intermediate and screen‐positive only). More boys reported antisocial behaviour at the screen‐negative and screen‐intermediate levels, but at the screen‐positive level, similar proportions of girls and boys displayed antisocial behaviour.ConclusionThe findings support the view that ADHD symptoms, as well as their negative outcomes, are dimensionally distributed in the population and that adolescent girls and boys display different risk profiles. The findings confirm that ADHD symptoms are associated with higher risk of drug misuse in girls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls

Selinus

Molero

Lichtenstein

et al. 2016

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…Studies by Biederman et al have demonstrated that adolescents with ADHD have a 2.5 times higher risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) than those without ADHD (Biederman et al 2008). Because each disorder independently can lead to significant functional impairment, the frequency and impact of simultaneously experiencing the combination of MDD and ADHD is clearly of great clinical concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Response in Depressed Adolescents With and Without Co-Morbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study

Kratochvil

May

Silva

et al. 2009

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Objective: In the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), fluoxetine (FLX) and the combination of fluoxetine with cognitive-behavioral therapy (COMB) had superior improvement trajectories compared to pill placebo (PBO), whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was not significantly different from PBO. Because attention-deficit= hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-exist, we examined whether ADHD moderated these outcomes in TADS. Method: A total of 439 adolescents with MDD, 12-17 years old, were randomized to FLX, CBT, COMB, or PBO. Random coefficients regression models examined depression improvement in 377 depressed youths without ADHD and 62 with ADHD, including 20 who were treated with a psychostimulant. Results: Within the ADHD group, the improvement trajectories of the three active treatments were similar, all with rates of improvement greater than PBO. For those without ADHD, only COMB had a rate of improvement that was superior to PBO. Conclusions: Co-morbid ADHD moderated treatment of MDD. CBT alone or FLX alone may offer benefits similar to COMB in the treatment of MDD in youths with co-morbid MDD and ADHD, whereas monotherapy may not match the benefits of COMB for those without ADHD. The ADHD subgroup analysis presented in this paper is exploratory in nature because of the small number of youths with ADHD in the sample. Clinical Trial Registry: www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006286. The TADS protocol and all of the TADS manuals are available on the Internet at https:==trialweb.dcri.duke.edu=tads=index.html.

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“…In contrast, more recent longitudinal research has suggested increased rates of mood disorders (Biederman, Ball, Monuteaux, Mick, Spencer, McCreary, et al, 2008;Green et al, 1997;Fisher, Barkley, Smallish & Fletcher, 2002;Biederman, Monuteaux, Mick, Spencer, Wilens, Silva, et al, 2006;Monuteaux, Faraone, Gross & Biederman, 2007) and depressive symptoms (Hinshaw et al, 2006;Lahey et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2008) in children diagnosed with ADHD in comparison to children without ADHD. Greene and colleagues (1997) examined 6-17 year-old boys with and without ADHD and found that boys with ADHD demonstrated greater levels of unipolar depression than non-ADHD comparison boys at the 4-year follow-up.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Regulation Mediates the Relationship between ADHD and Depressive Symptoms in Youth

Seymour

Chronis‐Tuscano

Halldorsdottir

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

114

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New Insights Into the Comorbidity Between ADHD and Major Depression in Adolescent and Young Adult Females

Cited by 261 publications

References 33 publications

Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls

Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls

Treatment Response in Depressed Adolescents With and Without Co-Morbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study

Emotion Regulation Mediates the Relationship between ADHD and Depressive Symptoms in Youth

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