New insights into pre-lithiation kinetics of graphite anodes via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Achieving Desirable Initial Coulombic Efficiencies and Full Capacity Utilization of Li‐Ion Batteries by Chemical Prelithiation of Graphite Anode

“…A general prelithiation method is to introduce a certain amount of metallic Li (Li foil or stabilized Li metal powder (SLMP)) into Gr anode during manufacturing of the electrode. [ 21–24 ] As reported by Wang et al., [ 21 ] the prelithiated Gr anode (pGr) with SLMP demonstrated a very high ICE of ≈100% and a 5% increase in the reversible capacity of the full cell. This method seems to be simple but is difficult to control the lithiation degree and to prelithiate the Gr anode homogeneously.…”

Prelithiation/Presodiation Techniques for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems: Concepts, Applications, and Perspectives

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 150 ] Copyright 2018, Elsevier. b) Schematic of in situ synchrotron WAXS measurement setup based on IC prelithiation process.…”

“…The static time-depend 7 Li NMR spectra of a graphite electrode is presented in Figure 13a. [150] It is directly observed that both the dissolution of lithium metal and parallel formation of LiC x species simultaneously proceed as time. Furthermore, it is also found that the degree of prelithiation as well as distribution of lithium metal on the electrode surface possesses a strong impact on the reaction kinetics of the prelithiation process and on the remaining amount of lithium metal.…”

In situ7Li-NMR analysis of lithium metal surface deposits with varying electrolyte compositions and concentrations

“…The NMR experiments were performed on a Bruker AVANCE III 200 MHz (4.7 T) spectrometer with an in-house build broadband ( 1 H, 19 F)//(X = 6 Li- 7 Li) cross-polarization double-resonance probe containing a Helmholtz-type coil at room temperature. 43 The NMR spectra were referenced to 1 M LiCl solution in H 2 O ( 7 7 Li-NMR of bulk lithium electrodes may suffer from a limited detection skin depth (that is the penetration depth of the excitation pulse) resulting in signal intensities governed from the upper surface rather than the total volume of lithium metal anodes, which are thicker than two times the skin depth. 31 The skin depth d that a radio frequency (rf) pulse may penetrate is given by eqn (1), 31 d ¼…”