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Hamburger seed coat is a readily available agricultural waste product generated in large quantities annually. In this study, activated charcoal was produced using hamburger seed coat activated with zinc chloride and its physicochemical properties such as fixed carbon, specific surface area, volatile matter, ash and moisture content were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry techniques were used to study the surface morphology and variations in the absorption bands of functional groups, respectively. The adsorbent biosorption of pollutants abilities from contaminated water was investigated using standard methods with a view to ascertaining the adsorbent purification potential. The results showed that the adsorbent was of high porous structure with adsorption capacity significantly correlated with iodine value. The physicochemical properties of the contaminated water treated with the adsorbent were comparable with commercial activated charcoal (control)-treated water but indicated a significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in the pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, anions and heavy metal ions when compared to the untreated water. With the exception of alkalinity, other parameters investigated in the water treated with the test adsorbent fell within the standards set for potable water. Results of this study therefore revealed possibility of converting large quantities of hamburger seed coat wastes that could constitute environmental pollution to a profitable product that could be employed for treatment of wastewater. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-021-03577-8.
Hamburger seed coat is a readily available agricultural waste product generated in large quantities annually. In this study, activated charcoal was produced using hamburger seed coat activated with zinc chloride and its physicochemical properties such as fixed carbon, specific surface area, volatile matter, ash and moisture content were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry techniques were used to study the surface morphology and variations in the absorption bands of functional groups, respectively. The adsorbent biosorption of pollutants abilities from contaminated water was investigated using standard methods with a view to ascertaining the adsorbent purification potential. The results showed that the adsorbent was of high porous structure with adsorption capacity significantly correlated with iodine value. The physicochemical properties of the contaminated water treated with the adsorbent were comparable with commercial activated charcoal (control)-treated water but indicated a significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in the pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, anions and heavy metal ions when compared to the untreated water. With the exception of alkalinity, other parameters investigated in the water treated with the test adsorbent fell within the standards set for potable water. Results of this study therefore revealed possibility of converting large quantities of hamburger seed coat wastes that could constitute environmental pollution to a profitable product that could be employed for treatment of wastewater. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-021-03577-8.
The surge in Nigeria's population has led to heightened demands for food, clean water, and agricultural products, resulting in a significant increase in waste generation. Nigeria ranks among the top countries globally in terms of waste production, particularly from food, water, and agriculture. Unfortunately, the management of these vast quantities of waste is often inadequate, leading to environmental pollution, disease, and heightened CO2 emissions. While reducing such waste is important, completely stopping waste generation from food, water, and agriculture is impossible. Therefore, it becomes imperative to adopt eco-friendly and cost-effective approaches to handling this waste, including collection, conversion, treatment, recycling, and reuse. Effectively managing waste can mitigate pollution and its adverse impacts on public health. This review delves into the environmental, economic, and health challenges associated with the generation of waste from food, water, and agriculture in Nigeria. It highlights the importance of implementing sustainable practices for waste treatment, conversion, reuse, and application. By harnessing these waste materials effectively, Nigeria stands to reap significant economic benefits while simultaneously safeguarding the environment from pollution.
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