New insights into marine hydrocarbon geological conditions in the South Yellow Sea Basin: evidence from borehole CSDP-2

Cai, Ling; Xiao, Guolin; Zeng, Zhigang; Zhang, Xunhua; Guo, Xingwei; Wang, Shuping

doi:10.1007/s00343-020-0068-8

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The geological extrapolation results of type II 2 and III kerogens reveal a multistage hydrocarbon generation process of the Meso−Paleozoic source rocks in the Central Uplift, which occurred sequentially during the geological period. 40 The hydrocarbon generation process begins with a R o value of 0.45% and eventually reaches a transformation ratio of 95.1%. The hydrocarbon products are mainly gas with a final transformation ratio of 51.9%, followed by oil accounting for 43.2% of the products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the 'lowergeneration and upper-accumulation' mode between the P 1 q-g source rocks and the P 2 l-d sandstones, and the other is the 'self-generation and self-accumulation' mode in the P 2 l-d strata. 40 Moreover, the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones is beneficial to near-source hydrocarbon accumulation. 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Moreover, the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones is beneficial to near-source hydrocarbon accumulation. 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basin modeling was performed on borehole CSDP-2 using Schlumberger’s PetroMod (version 2012) software to reconstruct the burial history, thermal history, and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of the Meso–Paleozoic source rocks in the CUSYSB. The input parameters of borehole CSDP-2 mainly included the stratum thickness, lithology, ,, geological age, and erosion events as reported by Pang et al, ,, surface temperature and geothermal gradient derived from Qiu et al and Pang et al, and elements of the petroleum system and boundary conditions. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation were obtained from the above PY–GC experiments.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis simulation experiments of mudstone samples are still lacking. Previous research is clearly unable to meet the urgent demand for oil and gas exploration in the SYSB, especially in the Permian strata, which is subject to high expectations. ,,,, In addition, three sets of hydrocarbon source rocks (Lower Permian, Upper Permian, and Lower Triassic) jointly participated in the Permian oil and gas accumulation, , but on the basis of the latest X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and previous geochemical test results, the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the Lower Triassic source rocks is doubted (Table ). Therefore, it is also necessary to conduct thermal simulation experiments on hydrocarbon generation of the Lower Triassic rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrocarbon Generation Kinetics of the Gas-Prone Kerogens in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin

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A kinetic hydrocarbon generation model is critical to the evaluation of hydrocarbon prospects, which can promote offshore oil−gas exploration in the South Yellow Sea Basin (SYSB). To ascertain the hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of the gas-prone kerogens in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin (CUSYSB), open-system pyrolysis gas chromatography (PY−GC) simulation experiments were performed on two silty mudstones containing type II 2 kerogens from borehole CSDP-2, which were supplemented by a literature investigation of the kinetic models for type III kerogens. The hydrocarbon products of type II 2 kerogens are mainly gas, accounting for 54.56%−57.31% of all products, and oil, accounting for 42.69%−45.44% of all products. In the parallel first-order reaction model with multiple frequency (pre-exponential) factors and a discrete activation energy distribution (the MFF model), the activation energy of gas generation primarily ranges from 43.0 to 52.6 kcal/mol (average: 46.8 kcal/mol), which is slightly lower than the oil generation activation energy ranging from 45.4 to 54.9 kcal/mol (average: 49.9 kcal/ mol). Geological extrapolation results reveal that the three sets of source rocks, i.e., the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation (T 1 q), Permian, and Lower Silurian Gaojiabian Formation (S 1 g) source rocks, are characterized by sequential multistage hydrocarbon generation, with average hydrocarbon transformation ratios of 18.51%, 51.14%, and 95.58%, respectively. However, under the action of anomalous heat flows, the highest hydrocarbon transformation ratio of the Lower Permian source rocks reaches 92.81%. Moreover, on the basis of previous knowledge on the effective Upper Permian sandstone reservoirs and the suitable accumulation conditions, the Permian rocks with favorable hydrocarbon prospects have been identified in the CUSYSB, which are characterized by high-intensity hydrocarbon generation and expulsion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Moreover, the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones is beneficial to near-source hydrocarbon accumulation. 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%