New insights into black truffle biology: discovery of the potential connecting structure between a Tuber aestivum ascocarp and its host root

Deveau, Aurélie; Clowez, Philippe; Petit, F.; Maurice, Jean-Paul; Todesco, Flora; Murat, Claude; Harroué, Maryline; Ruelle, Julien; Tacon, François Le

doi:10.1007/s00572-019-00892-4

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several works demonstrated that in Tuber species the maternal tissue of ascomata and surrounding ECMs have the same genotype (Rubini et al, 2011bMolinier et al, 2016;Taschen et al 2016;De la Varga et al, 2017). Moreover, a physical and nutritional link between these fungal structures has been proved (Le Tacon et al, 2013;Deveau et al, 2019). For these reasons, our results suggest the persistence of the inoculated mycelia 9 years after plantation on the root systems.…”

Section: Clonal Structure Suggests the Persistence Of The Inoculated supporting

confidence: 63%

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Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Leonardi

Murat

Puliga

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Tuber borchii (the Bianchetto truffle) is a heterothallic Ascomycete living in symbiotic association with trees and shrubs. Maternal and paternal genotype dynamics have already been studied for the black truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum but not yet for T. borchii. In this study, we analysed maternal and paternal genotypes in the first truffle orchard realized with plants inoculated with five different T. borchii mycelia. Our aims were to test the persistence of the inoculated mycelia, if maternal and/or paternal genotypes correspond to inoculated mycelia and to assess the hermaphroditism of T. borchii. The mating type of each isolate as well as those of mycorrhizas, ascomata and extraradical soil mycelia was determined. Moreover, simple sequence repeat (SSR) profiles of maternal and paternal genotypes were assessed in 18 fruiting bodies to investigate the sexual behaviour of this truffle. The maternal genotypes of the fruiting bodies corresponded to those of the inoculated mycelia with only two exceptions. This confirmed that the inoculated mycelia persisted 9 years after plantation. As regards paternal partner, only two had the same genotype as those of the inoculated mycelia, suggesting hermaphroditism. Most of the new paternal genotypes originated from a recombination of those of inoculated mycelia.

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Section: Clonal Structure Suggests the Persistence Of The Inoculated supporting

confidence: 63%

“…; De la Varga et al ., ). Moreover, a physical and nutritional link between these fungal structures has been proved (Le Tacon et al ., ; Deveau et al ., ). For these reasons, our results suggest the persistence of the inoculated mycelia 9 years after plantation on the root systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Leonardi

Murat

Puliga

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…In contrast to many other ectomycorrhizal fungi that produce fruiting bodies within a few days, the development of truffle fruiting bodies generally takes several months and occurs entirely belowground. In the case of T. melanosporum , it has been demonstrated that nutrients required for the development of the fruiting bodies are provided by the host plant all along fruiting body genesis (Le Tacon et al, 2013, 2015) and a similar process likely occurs for T. aestivum (Deveau et al, 2019). The production of fruiting bodies in all Tuber species varies greatly from year to year, ranging from none to several per tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchard Conditions and Fruiting Body Characteristics Drive the Microbiome of the Black Truffle Tuber aestivum

et al. 2019

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Truffle fungi are well known for their enticing aromas partially emitted by microbes colonizing truffle fruiting bodies. The identity and diversity of these microbes remain poorly investigated, because few studies have determined truffle-associated bacterial communities while considering only a small number of fruiting bodies. Hence, the factors driving the assembly of truffle microbiomes are yet to be elucidated. Here we investigated the bacterial community structure of more than 50 fruiting bodies of the black truffle Tuber aestivum in one French and one Swiss orchard using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial communities from truffles collected in both orchards shared their main dominant taxa: while 60% of fruiting bodies were dominated by α-Proteobacteria, in some cases the β-Proteobacteria or the Sphingobacteriia classes were the most abundant, suggesting that specific factors (i.e., truffle maturation and soil properties) shape differently truffle-associated microbiomes. We further attempted to assess the influence in truffle microbiome variation of factors related to collection season, truffle mating type, degree of maturation, and location within the truffle orchards. These factors had differential effects between the two truffle orchards, with season being the strongest predictor of community variation in the French orchard, and spatial location in the Swiss one. Surprisingly, genotype and fruiting body maturation did not have a significant effect on microbial community composition. In summary, our results show, regardless of the geographical location considered, the existence of heterogeneous bacterial communities within T. aestivum fruiting bodies that are dominated by three bacterial classes. They also indicate that factors shaping microbial communities within truffle fruiting bodies differ across local conditions.

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“…Persistence of spores from the initial inoculation of seedlings within this experiment, therefore, represents one possible method by which new roots may become infected post-submersion. T. aestivum may also form clusters of aggregated hyphae, including as fruiting body attachment structures (Deveau et al 2019 ), and these can act as survival refugia with nutritional stores from which mycelial expansion may occur. It is also a possibility that mycelial fragments may also survive within micro-pockets of aeration within the soil matrix (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhiza resilience and recovery to extreme flood events in Tuber aestivum and Quercus robur

Thomas

2021

Mycorrhiza

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Very little is known about the impact of flooding and ground saturation on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) and increasing flood events are expected with predicted climate change. To explore this, seedlings inoculated with the EcM species Tuber aestivum were exposed to a range of flood durations. Oak seedlings inoculated with T. aestivum were submerged for between 7 and 65 days. After a minimum of 114-day recovery, seedling growth measurements were recorded, and root systems were destructively sampled to measure the number of existing mycorrhizae in different zones. Number of mycorrhizae did not display correlation with seedling growth measurements. Seven days of submersion resulted in a significant reduction in mycorrhizae numbers and numbers reduced most drastically in the upper zones. Increases in duration of submersion further impacted mycorrhizae numbers in the lowest soil zone only. T. aestivum mycorrhizae can survive flood durations of at least 65 days. After flooding, mycorrhizae occur in higher numbers in the lowest soil zone, suggesting a mix of resilience and recovery. The results will aid in furthering our understanding of EcM but also may aid in conservation initiatives as well as providing insight for those whose livelihoods revolve around the collection of EcM fruiting bodies or cropping of the plant partners.

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New insights into black truffle biology: discovery of the potential connecting structure between a Tuber aestivum ascocarp and its host root

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Ascoma genotyping and mating type analyses of mycorrhizas and soil mycelia of Tuber borchii in a truffle orchard established by mycelial inoculated plants

Orchard Conditions and Fruiting Body Characteristics Drive the Microbiome of the Black Truffle Tuber aestivum

Ectomycorrhiza resilience and recovery to extreme flood events in Tuber aestivum and Quercus robur

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