New Insights in the Development of Carbon Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid

Modulating the surface structure of nanodiamonds to enhance the electronic metal–support interaction of efficient ruthenium catalysts for levulinic acid hydrogenation

“…And, they found that the smaller Ru NP have the higher TOF. 46 However, typical volcano-type activity plots were observed in the size range of 1-3 nm when the TOF was plotted as a function of the average Ru particle size on the Ru/Al 2 O 3 and Ru/C catalysts, which was reported by Cao et al 47 A maximum TOF was found for the catalyst with an average Ru particle diameter of about 1.5 nm. We attempted to adjust the particle size of ruthenium by varying the loading of ruthenium.…”

Ru Catalysts Supported on Commercial and Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons for the Transformation of Levulinic Acid into γ-Valerolactone under Mild Conditions

“…Finally, the work of Song et al [32] deals also with Ru/C catalysts prepared with quite different carbon materials (an AC from olive stones, high surface graphite, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide). Entries 6 and 7 show the data corresponding to the highest and lowest LA conversion achieved.…”

“…There are a number of publications dealing with Ru/C catalysts [19,24,25,31,32]. However, in most of them, the obtained catalytic activity results are not discussed in relation to the support physicochemical properties.…”