New Insights in the Complexity and Functionality of the Neurovascular Unit

Schaffenrath, Johanna; Keller, Annika

doi:10.1007/164_2020_424

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…In addition, other vascular cells (e.g., pericytes) have been shown to present organ-specific characteristics, at least at the level of the transcriptome ( Vanlandewijck et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, blood vessels in the brain possess another characteristic not found in peripheral vessels: they are ensheathed with astrocyte end-feet, slender astrocyte processes, enriched with water and potassium channels ( Schaffenrath and Keller, 2021 ). Microglial processes and the cell body contact the vessel basement membrane directly along the vascular tree ( Mathiisen et al, 2010 ; Joost et al, 2019 ), thereby regulating blood flow in a purinergic receptor P2Y12-dependent manner ( Bisht et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Vascular Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay Between Brain Vascular Calcification and Microglia

Maheshwari

Huang

Sridhar

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Vascular calcifications are characterized by the ectopic deposition of calcium and phosphate in the vascular lumen or wall. They are a common finding in computed tomography scans or during autopsy and are often directly related to a pathological condition. While the pathogenesis and functional consequences of vascular calcifications have been intensively studied in some peripheral organs, vascular calcification, and its pathogenesis in the central nervous system is poorly characterized and understood. Here, we review the occurrence of vessel calcifications in the brain in the context of aging and various brain diseases. We discuss the pathomechanism of brain vascular calcification in primary familial brain calcification as an example of brain vessel calcification. A particular focus is the response of microglia to the vessel calcification in the brain and their role in the clearance of calcifications.

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Vascular Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay Between Brain Vascular Calcification and Microglia

Maheshwari

Huang

Sridhar

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Located between neurons and blood vessels, astrocytes cover nearly 100% of the microvascular wall and play an essential role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. 2,62 Although astrocytes cannot generate action potentials like neurons, they can respond to environmental changes through Ca 2+ signaling and mediate communication between neurons and capillaries. 63 Astrocytes also control the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is referred to as “glymphatic function”.…”

Section: Astrocytes: the Impairment Of Neurovascular Unit Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging

Cao,

Xu,

Liu

2024

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional changes during aging, which may compromise its integrity and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, advances in microscopy and high-throughput bioinformatics have allowed a more in-depth investigation of the aging mechanisms of BBB. This review summarizes age-related alterations of the BBB structure and function from six perspectives: endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, basement membrane, microglia and perivascular macrophages, and fibroblasts, ranging from the molecular level to the human multi-system level. These basic components are essential for the proper functioning of the BBB. Recent imaging methods of BBB were also reviewed. Elucidation of age-associated BBB changes may offer insights into BBB homeostasis and may provide effective therapeutic strategies to protect it during aging.

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Neuroinflammation, sleep, and autoimmune disease

Zielinski

Gibbons

2023

Encyclopedia of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

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New Insights in the Complexity and Functionality of the Neurovascular Unit

Cited by 5 publications

References 152 publications

The Interplay Between Brain Vascular Calcification and Microglia

The Interplay Between Brain Vascular Calcification and Microglia

Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging

Neuroinflammation, sleep, and autoimmune disease

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