New insights in dermatophyte research

Gräser, Yvonne; Monod, Michel; Bouchara, Jean Philippe; Dukik, Karolina; Nenoff, P.; Kargl, A; Kupsch, Christiane; Zhan, Ping; Packeu, Ann; Chaturvedi, Vishnu; Hoog, Sybren de

doi:10.1093/mmy/myx141

Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The chronic infectious disease in the family members began with the hidden infections of their pets. There are more similar reports in the literature (Murmu et al 2015;Debnath et al 2016;Baumgardner 2017;Pasquetti et al 2017;Graser et al 2018;Neves et al 2018;Gnat et al 2018b). They demonstrate that the tendency towards keeping domestic animals and the possibility of asymptomatic infections in pets have an impact on the growing prevalence of dermatophytoses.…”

Section: Problems In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

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Dermatophytes are the aetiological factors of a majority of superficial fungal infections. What distinguishes them from other pathogenic filamentous fungi is their unique ability to degrade keratin. The remarkable ability of this group of fungi to survive in different ecosystems results from their morphological and ecological diversity as well as high adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Paradoxically, despite the progress in medicine, the prevalence of dermatophyte infections is increasing from year to year. At the beginning of the third millennium, practical diagnostic and therapeutic options are still very limited. This review focuses on understanding the major problems in this aspect of dermatophyte infections and indicates future strategies and perspectives for novel approaches to identification and drugs for elimination of dermatophytes. Particular importance is placed on development of a strategy for a diagnostic pathway and implementation of rapid and reliable diagnostics methods designed by international teams. Furthermore, among compounds that currently arouse great interest, representatives of terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and essential oils deserve attention. Many of these compounds are undergoing clinical trials as potential antifungal agents, and future research should focus on attempts at determination of the applicability of tested substances. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages in implementation of new diagnostic paths and medicinal substances for routine use are indicated. Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Section: Problems In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

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“…These insoluble fibrous proteins represent major constituents of the aforementioned host structures and are degraded into short peptides and free amino acids to be used as nutrients. The thereto necessary proteolytic activity is exerted through synergistically acting endo‐ and exoproteases secreted by dermatophytes 2,3 . However, an 'ecological switching', that is a differential expression of these secreted proteases depending on the host species or experimental system, was noticed 4‐8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualising virulence factors: Trichophyton benhamiaes subtilisins demonstrated in a guinea pig skin ex vivo model

Baumbach

Michler

Nenoff³

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Background Dermatophytoses rank among the most frequent communicable diseases in humans, and the zoonotic transmission is increasing. The zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton (T.) benhamiae is nowadays one of the main causes of tinea faciei et corporis in children. However, scientific data on molecular pathomechanisms and specific virulence factors enabling this ubiquitous occurrence are scarce. Objectives To study tissue invasion and the expression of important virulence factors of T. benhamiae, isolates that were recovered from two groups of hosts (humans vs. guinea pigs (GP)) using an ex vivo skin model. Methods After confirmation of species identity by ITS sequencing, CFU suspensions of dermatophyte isolates (n = 20) were applied to the skin infection model and cultured. Employing specific immunofluorescence staining techniques, the expression of subtilisin 3 and 6 and metallocarboxypeptidase A was analysed. The general mode of invasion was explored. Results were compared with biopsies of naturally infected GP. Results All isolates were successfully recovered and proliferated well after application to the infection model. Progressive invasion of hyphae through all skin structures and destruction of explants were observed with early events being comparable to natural infection. An increasing expression of the examined virulence factors towards the end of culture was noticed but no difference between the two groups of isolates. Conclusions For the first time, important in vivo markers of dermatophytosis were visualised immunohistochemically in an ex vivo skin infection model and in skin biopsies of GP naturally infected with T. benhamiae. More research on the underlying pathomechanisms of dermatophyte infection is urgently needed.

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“…Tinea and dermatophytosis are medical terms for ringworm, superficial fungal infection in animals and humans caused by keratinophilic filamentous fungi. Millions of people worldwide are affected by this inflammatory condition frequently involving the scalp, nails, hair and the stratum corneum of the skin . There are three ecological categories of dermatophytes: geophilic, zoophilic and anthropophilic .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Millions of people worldwide are affected by this inflammatory condition frequently involving the scalp, nails, hair and the stratum corneum of the skin. 1,2 There are three ecological categories of dermatophytes: geophilic, zoophilic and anthropophilic. 2,3 Dermatophytosis due to zoophilic agents often responds very well to antifungal drugs; however, frequent relapses and failure to control deep infections have been reported in patients who receive immunosuppressive therapy or those with inherited caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9) deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis

Abastabar

Jedi

Guillot

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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Summary Background Microsporum canis is a zoophilic species, found to be the most frequently isolated species in animals. M. canis causes sporadic outbreaks of infections in humans, such as the one that occurred in Canada, where more than 1000 human cases were detected over an 8‐year period. Despite the medical importance of M. canis infections, there are limited in vitro data on the antifungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs, including new generation triazoles and imidazoles. Objective The aim of the current study was to comprehensively evaluate the in vitro activity of new azoles and comparator drugs against a large panel of M. canis isolates using a microdilution assay. Methods The in vitro susceptibility to novel triazoles and imidazoles was compared to that of other antifungal drugs using a large collection of M. canis clinical isolates (n = 208) obtained from patients and animals with dermatophytosis in Iran, France and Turkey. Results All isolates exhibited high susceptibility to the majority of the tested antifungal agents. However, luliconazole, lanoconazole and efinaconazole, as well as econazole, demonstrated superior activity against all strains in comparis on with the other drugs. Conclusion FDA‐approved antifungal drugs, that is luliconazole, efinaconazole and lanoconazole, showed the highest antifungal activity and should be promising candidates for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by M canis. However, their therapeutic effectiveness remains to be determined in clinical settings.

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New insights in dermatophyte research

Cited by 63 publications

References 65 publications

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Visualising virulence factors: Trichophyton benhamiaes subtilisins demonstrated in a guinea pig skin ex vivo model

In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis

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