New Insights for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Related Dysgeusia

Mariz, Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida; Brandão, Thaís Bianca; Ribeiro, Aline Cammarano; Lopes, M. A.; Santos‐Silva, Alan Roger

doi:10.1177/0022034520936638

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“… 13 The recently published tropism of SARS-CoV-2 to the tongue and salivary gland epithelium 6 , 7 is of importance, suggesting that the oral mucous membrane may be targeted by the virus. 14 Although we did not obtain samples of the oral lesions to test for the presence of COVID-19, we observed that the evolution of the oral lesions and the healing process occurred in parallel with the resolution of the COVID-19 infection. This leads us to speculate that the development of oral manifestations in these patients may be directly associated with the COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This could lead to the development of dysgeusia and oral mucosal ulcerations and necrosis. 14 Thus, the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 might disrupt the function of oral keratinocytes and the epithelial lining of salivary glands ducts, resulting in painful oral ulcers. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection is vital for the development of robust infection control in dental offices and hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: could the oral cavity be a target organ?

Brandão

Gueiros

Melo

et al. 2021

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

197

259

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Several viruses transmitted through saliva, such as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Zika virus, are capable of infecting and replicating in the oral mucosa, leading to painful oral ulcers. Few studies have described the oral manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is growing evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main host cell receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly expressed on the epithelial cells of the tongue and of the salivary glands, which may explain the development of dysgeusia in patients with COVID-19. Hence, it is important to understand if SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, causing oral ulcerations and superficial necrosis. Here, we report a series of 8 cases of COVID-19 infection, with oral necrotic ulcers and aphthous-like ulcerations which developed early in the course of disease after the development of dysgeusia and affected the tongue, lips, palate, and oropharynx. A short review of the literature regarding the important role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry is also provided, bringing new insights into oral keratinocytes and minor salivary glands as potential targets. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020;000:e1Àe7)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: could the oral cavity be a target organ?

Brandão

Gueiros

Melo

et al. 2021

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

197

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which the SARS-CoV-2 binds to infect the host cells, is highly expressed in the epithelial cells of the tongue [11]. Based on this finding, dysgeusia could be considered the first oral manifestation as a direct consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection [12]. However, some questions should be discussed to consider this hypothesis.…”

Section: Oral Manifestations Of Covid-19 What Is the Evidence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic: Oral Repercussions and its Possible Impact on Oral Health

Maciel

Martelli

et al. 2020

Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr.

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Many viral infections cause oral manifestations, including disorders in odontogenesis, resulting in dental malformations. In this review, based on current knowledge, we will discuss the likely dental and oral consequences of COVID-19. In this article, we review currently available data associated with vertical transmission of COVID-19 and odontogenesis, oral manifestations, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a diagnosis of oral diseases. Owing to the severity of the pandemic, the population's anxiety and fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 may underestimate the signs and symptoms of serious illnesses, besides discourage patients from seeking health, medical or dental services to determine the diagnosis of oral lesions. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic could be an additional and aggravating factor for the delay of serious illness diagnosis, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma resulting in higher morbidity and worse prognosis. Several changes and oral lesions have been described as oral manifestations of COVID-19, such as dysgeusia, oral ulcers, petechiae, reddish macules, desquamative gingivitis, among others. Besides, it can cause major systemic changes and predispose opportunistic infections. As with other viral infections, oral manifestations, including dental anomalies, can occur as a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to guide and clarify possible oral changes.

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“…A brief overview of proposed pathogenesis is reflected in Table 1 . [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] In the present letter, we proposed a novel hypothesis that links the SARS-CoV-2 with anemia and oral manifestations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Vaira, Salzano, Fois, et al [4] 2020 Gustatory manifestations SARS-CoV-2 may bind essential salivary mucin components, such as sialic acid, consequently accelerating taste particle degradation and disturbing gustatory sensation Nataf [5] 2020 Gustatory manifestations ACE2 interaction with SARSCoV-2 may affect normal gustatory functions through dopamine and serotonin synthesis pathway co-regulation. Mariz et al [6] 2020 Gustatory manifestations Inability of ACE2 to degrade Angiotensin II protein during COVID-19 infection, resulting in disorderly taste responses. Galván Casas et al [7] 2020 Mucosal ulcers Not a primary manifestation of SARSCoV-2 but secondary manifestation related to co-infections from bacterial and viruses Current hypothesis 2020 Gustatory manifestations and mucosal ulcers Anemia related to SARS-CoV-2 mediated hemolysis causes the oral manifestations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%