New insights and new approaches toward the study of age-related macular degeneration

Bok, Dean

doi:10.1073/pnas.242607899

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1,2,46 The RPE cell layer plays a crucial role in the maintenance and survival of adjacent photoreceptors via phagocytosis of the photoreceptor outer segments. 47 These cells also provide trophic support to the neural retina by supplying neurotrophic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Carnosic Acid, a Pro-Electrophilic Compound, in Models of Oxidative Stress and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Rezaie

McKercher

Kosaka

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Carnosic Acid, a Pro-Electrophilic Compound, in Models of Oxidative Stress and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Rezaie

McKercher

Kosaka

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…To place this in perspective, 35% of the human population over the age of 75 has some degree of AMD. 1,2 AMD is characterized by the progressive degeneration of retina, RPE cells, and choroid. The earliest visible abnormality in AMD is the accumulation of drusen ͑waste material͒ between the RPE cells and the choroid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest visible abnormality in AMD is the accumulation of drusen ͑waste material͒ between the RPE cells and the choroid. 1 Despite considerable research, little is known about the events that trigger AMD. One of the hypotheses widely accepted among ophthalmologists suggests that the degeneration of RPE is responsible for drusen formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the hypotheses widely accepted among ophthalmologists suggests that the degeneration of RPE is responsible for drusen formation. 1 However, how the RPE cells are damaged with increasing age is not clear. Previous studies proposed that LF granules, a byproduct of incomplete digestions of the distal ends of photoreceptors, 3 are most likely harmful when present in sufficient amount in the RPE cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Two-photon excited autofluorescence imaging of human retinal pigment epithelial cells

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial ͑RPE͒ cells severely impairs the visual function of retina photoreceptors. However, little is known about the events that trigger the death of RPE cells at the subcellular level. Twophoton excited autofluorescence ͑TPEF͒ imaging of RPE cells proves to be well suited to investigate both the morphological and the spectral characteristics of the human RPE cells. The dominant fluorophores of autofluorescence derive from lipofuscin ͑LF͒ granules that accumulate in the cytoplasm of the RPE cells with increasing age. Spectral TPEF imaging reveals the existence of abnormal LF granules with blue shifted autofluorescence in RPE cells of aging patients and brings new insights into the complicated composition of the LF granules. Based on a proposed twophoton laser scanning ophthalmoscope, TPEF imaging of the living retina may be valuable for diagnostic and pathological studies of age related eye diseases. Aged-related macular degeneration ͑AMD͒ is the principal cause of irreversible loss of vision and registered legal blindness for aging people in developed countries. To place this in perspective, 35% of the human population over the age of 75 has some degree of AMD.

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“…Donors were 60 years and above in age and included both females and males. The anterior segment from each donor eye was removed as described in previous reports [9][10][11][12]. Briefly, after electron microscopy (EM) examination, RPE cells were harvested from the RPE-choroid-sclera using fine forceps.…”

Section: Preparation Of Primary Rpe Cell Culture From Postmortem Automentioning

confidence: 99%

Bevacizumab cured age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via down-regulate TLR2 pathway

Wang

Qiao

Li³

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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Bevacizumab cured age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via down-regulate TLR2 pathway Abbreviations AMD -Age-related macular degeneration RPE -Retinal pigment epithelium TLR2 -The mammalian toll like receptor 2 P3C -Pam3CSK4 IntroductionAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness and visual impairment in people over 50 years of age [1,2]. During the pathological progress of AMD, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a very important role in choroidal neovascularisation (CNV, also called wet AMD) for atrophy of the PRE resulting from deposits called drusen that form between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and underlying choroid [3]. To date, it is commonly proposing that oxidative damage is involving in RPE dysfunction in AMD, leading to subepithelial deposits and inflammation in RPE/choroid interface [4][5][6]. However, further studies on the mechanism of RPE dysfunction in AMD are required. Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) is a full-length humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal IgG1 antibody (molecular weight 149 kDa) that inhibited the action of all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor. The drug was initially developed as an intravenous agent in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer [5]. In recent years, clinical trials have established the efficacy of Bevacizumab for the treatment of AMD [5,6]. Bevacizumab injections with 1.25 mg in a six weekly variable retreatment regimen are superior to standard care (pegaptanib sodium, verteporfin, sham). And then this treatment improved visual acuity on average at 54 weeks [2]. Furthermore, some groups Keywords: Bevacizumab • AMD • TLR2 • RPEAbstract: AMD is the main cause of visual impairment in people over 50 years of age and the most common cause of blindness. In recent years, the use of bevacizumab to treat neovascular AMD has become a preferred treatment in the United States. However, whether bevacozumab is available for RPE or AMD patients is unknown. We firstly indicate that Pam3CSK4 (P3C) activates TLR2 pathway during ARPE-19 apoptosis as determined by western blotting. And then, the expression of MyD88, NF-κB, p-IKK in primary RPE cells from AMD patients is significantly down-regulated after treatment with 50 μg L -1 Bevacizumab. Therefore, our data shows that MyD88 is involved in the TLR2 pathway in ARPE-19 cell apoptosis resulting from Pam3CSK4 (P3C). And more importantly, our findings suggested that Bevacizumab cured age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via down-regulate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway in RPE from AMD patients. © Versita Sp. z o.o.Brought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 12:11 AM

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New insights and new approaches toward the study of age-related macular degeneration

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Protective Effect of Carnosic Acid, a Pro-Electrophilic Compound, in Models of Oxidative Stress and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Protective Effect of Carnosic Acid, a Pro-Electrophilic Compound, in Models of Oxidative Stress and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration

Two-photon excited autofluorescence imaging of human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Bevacizumab cured age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via down-regulate TLR2 pathway

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