New insight into the molecular mechanism of colour differentiation among floral segments in orchids

Li, Bai Jun; Zheng, Bao Qiang; Wang, Jie Yu; Tsai, Wen Chieh; Lu, Hsiao‐Chi; Zou, Long−Hai; Xiao, Wei; Zhang, Di Yang; Qiao, Hong Juan; Liu, Zhong‐Jian; Wang, Yan

doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0821-8

Cited by 85 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…6B), thereby indicating that the type II MADS genes might play more important roles in the ower development of pineapple. This nding is consistent with previous reports [34]. The ABCDE model is a classical model of plant ower development [36,37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The exploration of the genes related to ower development and owering remains to be a major research topic. MADS-box genes play a major role in determining the identity of oral organs [34], and most type II genes are extensively expressed in the reproductive organs and lowly expressed in vegetative organs [35]. In this study, 38 AcMADS genes are expressed in one or more tissues, and 13 of them are specially expressed in owers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Role of MADS-box Gene in the Development of Flower Organs in Pineapple of a Typical Collective Fruit

zhang¹,

Pan²,

Yi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: MADS-box genes play crucial roles in plant vegetative and reproductive growth, especially in inflorescences, flower, and fruit. Pineapple is a typical collective fruit, and a comprehensive analysis of the MADS-box gene family in the development of floral organs of pineapple is still lacking. Results: In this study, the whole-genome survey and expression profiling of the MADS-box family in pineapple were introduced. Forty-four AcMADS genes were identified in pineapple, 39 of them were located on 18 chromosomes and five genes were distributed in five scaffolds. Twenty-two AcMADS genes were defined as 15 pairs of segmental duplication events. Syntenic analysis showed that pineapple is closely related to monocotyledon plants. Most members of the type II subfamily of AcMADS genes had higher expression levels in floral organs compared with type I subfamily, thereby suggesting that AcMADS of type II may play more crucial roles in the development of floral organs of pineapple. Six AcMADS genes have significant tissue-specificity expression, thereby suggesting that they may participate in the formation of one or more floral organs. Conclusions: Our findings not only benefit to reveal the functional characterization of MADS-box genes in the floral organ development of pineapple but also provide additional information for further understanding the formation and development collective fruit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Role of MADS-box Gene in the Development of Flower Organs in Pineapple of a Typical Collective Fruit

zhang¹,

Pan²,

Yi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition, there was a phylogenetic conservatism during labellum evolution in comparison to the high lability of other petals and sepals in a specific orchid group ( Cirrhopetalum alliance), revealing that pollinator-mediated selection could have a role in the modular evolution of orchid flowers ( Hu et al, 2019 ), which could also influence intrafloral color patterns. Also, the hybrid orchid Cattleya “KOVA,” presents a spatiotemporal variation in pigments accumulation during floral development, regulated by three different transcription factors ( Li et al, 2020 ). As a result, a low accumulation of pigments in sepals and lateral petals promote a pale pink color, while a high accumulation of cyanine pigments in the labellum tip and of carotenoids in the labellum base promote purple-red and yellow colorations, respectively ( Li et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the hybrid orchid Cattleya “KOVA,” presents a spatiotemporal variation in pigments accumulation during floral development, regulated by three different transcription factors ( Li et al, 2020 ). As a result, a low accumulation of pigments in sepals and lateral petals promote a pale pink color, while a high accumulation of cyanine pigments in the labellum tip and of carotenoids in the labellum base promote purple-red and yellow colorations, respectively ( Li et al, 2020 ). Therefore, considering different ecological functions and the differences in pigment accumulation in floral tissues, it would be expected that the perceived intrafloral pattern in Cattleya sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

et al. 2020

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Flower color has been studied in different ecological levels of organization, from individuals to communities. However, it is unclear how color is structured at the intrafloral level. In bee-pollinated flowers, the unidirectional gradient in color purity and pollen mimicry are two common processes to explain intrafloral color patterns. Considering that floral traits are often integrated, usually reflecting evolutionary modules under pollinator-mediated selection, we hypothesize that such intrafloral color patterns are structured by intrafloral color modules as perceived by bee color vision system. Here, we studied the tropical bee-pollinated orchid Cattleya walkeriana , given its intrafloral color complexity and variation among individuals. Considering bee color vision, we investigated if intrafloral color modules arose among intrafloral patches (tip or base of the sepals, petals, and labellum). We expected a separate color module between the labellum patches (the main attractive structure in orchids) and petals and sepals. We measured the color reflectance and calculated the photoreceptor excitation, spectral purity, hue, and the chromatic contrast of the floral structures in the hexagon color model. Spectral purity (saturation) was higher in the labellum tip in comparison to petals and sepals, generating a unidirectional gradient. Labellum base presented a less saturated yellow UV-absorbing color, which may reflect a pollen mimicry strategy. C. walkeriana presented three intrafloral color modules corresponding to the color of petals and sepals, the color of the labellum tip, and the color of labellum base. These color modules were unrelated to the development of floral structures. Given the importance of intrafloral color patterns in bee attraction and guidance, our results suggest that intrafloral patterns could be the outcome of evolutionary color modularization under pollinator-mediated selection.

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“…A transcriptome provides a fast and economical method to systematically characterize gene models for one species without a genome reference. Recently, third-generation full-length transcriptome sequencing by PacBio SMRT has been widely used in transcriptome sequencing because it provides particularly long reads with high throughput and generates full-length transcripts ( Li et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ). Generally, the protocol of transcriptome sequencing was including RNA extraction, transcriptome library construction and sequencing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Genes Involved in Polyacylated Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Blue Senecio cruentus

Cui

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Polyacylated anthocyanins with multiple glycosyl and aromatic acyl groups tend to make flowers display bright and stable blue colours. However, there are few studies on the isolation and functional characterization of genes involved in the polyacylated anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism, which limits the molecular breeding of truly blue flowers. Senecio cruentus is an important potted ornamental plant, and its blue flowers contain 3′,7-polyacylated delphinidin-type anthocyanins that are not reported in any other plants, suggesting that it harbours abundant gene resources for the molecular breeding of blue flowers. In this study, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis of blue, carmine and white colours of cineraria cultivars “Venezia” (named VeB, VeC, and VeW, respectively), we found that 3′,7-polyacylated anthocyanin, cinerarin, was the main pigment component that determined the blue colour of ray florets of cineraria. Based on the transcriptome sequencing and differential gene expression (DEG) analysis combined with RT- and qRT-PCR, we found two genes encoding uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase, named ScUGT1 and ScUGT4; two genes encoding acyl-glucoside-dependent glucosyltransferases which belong to glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1), named ScAGGT11 and ScAGGT12; one gene encoding serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferase ScSCPL2; and two MYB transcriptional factor genes ScMYB2 and ScMYB4, that were specifically highly expressed in the ray florets of VeB, which indicated that these genes may be involved in cinerarin biosynthesis. The function of ScSCPL2 was analysed by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cineraria leaves combined with HPLC-MS/MS. ScSCPL2 mainly participated in the 3′ and 7-position acylation of cinerarin. These results will provide new insight into the molecular basis of the polyacylated anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism in higher plants and are of great significance for blue flower molecular breeding of ornamental plants.

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New insight into the molecular mechanism of colour differentiation among floral segments in orchids

Cited by 85 publications

References 64 publications

Role of MADS-box Gene in the Development of Flower Organs in Pineapple of a Typical Collective Fruit

Role of MADS-box Gene in the Development of Flower Organs in Pineapple of a Typical Collective Fruit

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Genes Involved in Polyacylated Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Blue Senecio cruentus

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