New Insight into the Formation of Hybrid Perovskite Nanowires via Structure Directing Adducts

Abstract

We report a facile preparation approach of MAPbBr3, MAPbCl3, or FAPbBr3 (where MA = CH3NH3 + and FA = CH­(NH2)2 +) perovskite nanowires via sequential synthesis of MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 nanowires with chemically controlled composition and morphologies followed by an exchange of halide anions. The nanowires formation sequence includes intermediate phases such as MAI-PbI2-DMF and FAI-PbI2-DMF (DMF = dimethylformamide) acting as structure directing agent. The 1D shape of the adduct is preserved during the conversion to perovskite. The adducts play the role of key precursors controlling the final product morphology. Systematic investigations of the observed phase transformations and morphology features on multiple length scales revealed the effectiveness of the suggested synthetic route utilizing an original pseudomorph formation mechanism of the 1D structures to produce partly oriented films and textured layers of the nanowires via only a few experimental steps.

A Review of Diverse Halide Perovskite Morphologies for Efficient Optoelectronic Applications

“…Subsequently, the excess solution was squeezed out by holding the bottom slide glass in place while sliding the top slide glass. The thin liquid film has been exposed to air, in which leads to solvent evaporation and formation of perovskite NWs (Figure b–e) 13b. Spina et al prepared the centimeter‐long MAPbI 3 NWs by using an open nanofluidic channel.…”

“…b–e) Slip‐coating method. Reproduced with permission 13b. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.…”

“…In recent years, various low‐dimensional halide perovskites including 0D quantum dots (QDs), nanocrystals (NCs), 1D nanowires (NWs),8b,13 2D nanoplatelets (NPLs), and nanosheets (NSs) have been demonstrated as promising alternatives for obtaining fruitful progress in solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, and lasers,8b owing to their unique quantum confinement effect, large surface‐to‐volume ratio, and anisotropic geometry . In addition, it is worth pointing out the emergence of textured perovskite, which show significantly distinct morphological features, namely, the porous matrix, rough surface, and preferential grains orientation.…”

In Situ Real‐Time Study of the Dynamic Formation and Conversion Processes of Metal Halide Perovskite Films

“…In the PVSK to RGA conversion process, the solvent molecule acts as a base to remove the MAI molecule from the PVSK crystal. [42][43][44][45][46] Perovskite films with larger crystal grains possess less grain boundaries and thus eliminate unfavorable nonradiative recombination. [43] Figure 2d shows the SEM images of the samples at point III (as denoted in Figure 2a) under each SVA employed.…”

Low‐dimensional metal halide perovskites and related optoelectronic applications

“…A thin saturated solution film of MAPbI 3 in DMF was confined by two glass slides, and the nanowires came into crystallization while gradually sliding the upper glass to expose the liquid to air. It was assumed that the nanowire growth was due to the directional effect of DMF that an internal complex with the methylamine group was formed during the crystallization process . A great breakthrough in halide perovskite nanowire synthesis was put forward by Fu et al (Figure J) They proposed a dissolution‐recrystallization model to grow single‐crystalline MAPbI 3 nanowires.…”