New insight into the effect of mass transfer on the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles

Abstract

Silver and gold nanoparticles were prepared using constant reactant concentrations and temperatures, but different process conditions to alter the mass transfer during synthesis.

Gravimetric analysis of the autocatalytic growth of copper microparticles in aqueous solution

“…Many studies have tried to demonstrate and simulate the sigmoidal curve for particle formation; the Smoluchowski rate equation 31,32 based on the collision of particles form a statistical perspective, the Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami expression, 33 for the solid-state phase transformation, the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model 34 for Ostwald ripening and the relevant diffusion controlled growth model, 16,35 and the Finke-Watzky (F-W) 36 model, for fast autocatalytic surface growth. Since the growth of Cu microparticles has autocatalytic reaction characteristics, the model for the total mass as a function of time in this study is based on the F-W model under the assumption of the pseudo-elementary nucleation and growth steps, and it is expressed as: 37 d½Cu dt…”

Highly reproducible, high-yield flow synthesis of gold nanoparticles based on a rational reactor design exploiting the reduction of passivated Au(iii)

“…It is well established that the order of reactant addition affects the reaction outcome in the conventional Turkevich synthesis. 15,49 Wuithschick…”

Synthetic guidelines for the precision engineering of gold nanoparticles

“…the continued nucleation during particle growth, promotes dispersity in size and shape [46]. To this end, Besenhard et al demonstrated the influence of batch mixing of gold precursor (HAuCl4) and reducing reagent (trisodium citrate) on particle size and dispersity using a fix feed 5:1 ratio (citrate/tetrachloroauric acid) [47]. In contrast to previous reports, smaller nanoparticles with reduced polydispersity were obtained by at-once addition rather than dropwise injection.…”