New insight in urological cancer therapy: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to application of nano-biomaterials

Biological landscape and nanostructural view in development and reversal of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer

“…Since the potential of chemotherapy in the suppression of tumor has been reduced that the main reason is the development of resistance, the application of nanostructures such as micellar nanostructures for the delivery of chemotherapy compounds has improved the potential in tumorigenesis suppression [ 49 ]. Moreover, it is of importance that nanoparticles have been developed for the therapy of specific kinds of tumor including urological tumors and they can also impair the major mechanisms of tumorigenesis such as EMT that increases cancer metastasis [ 50 ]. Moreover, plant virus and bacteriophage can be applied as nanostructures for the delivery of TLR agonist in accelerating tumor immunotherapy [ 51 ].…”

Hsp70—A Universal Biomarker for Predicting Therapeutic Failure in Human Female Cancers and a Target for CTC Isolation in Advanced Cancers

“…As the density of mHsp70 expression is higher on metastases compared to primary tumors [ 23 ], we hypothesized that mHsp70 also is expressed on the cell surface of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) [ 24 ], which are considered precursors of metastases. Although antibody-based approaches for isolating CTCs are typically based on antibodies recognizing Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM, CD326), the fact that EpCAM (CD326) is often downregulated after Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) [ 25 , 26 ], likely influences the effectiveness of such approaches. In contrast, we have demonstrated that the expression of mHsp70 remains unaffected after EMT [ 27 ].…”