New Incremental Actuators Based on Electroactive Polymer: Conceptual, Control, and Driver Design Considerations

Highly sensitive humidity-driven actuators based on metal–organic frameworks incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane with gradient polymer distribution

“…[18][19][20][21][22] Generally, the most common important structure of a humidity actuator is bilayer, which consists of an active layer and an inactive layer that differ in their hygroexpansion properties, generating a bending motion. [23][24][25] The reported materials for active layer are electroactive polymers (EAPs), 26,27 liquid crystal elastomers (LCE), 28 hydrogels, 29 sodium alginate, 30 paper coated with MXene, 31 carbon nanotube, 32 graphene oxide (GO) 33 or toner, 34 etc. Ma et al 35 fabricated a humidity-responsive walking device using a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) lm as the upper active layer and a UV-cured Norland Optical Adhesive 63 (NOA 63) as the underlying layer.…”

Control of a high‐voltage bidirectional dc–dc flyback converter for driving DEAs

“…Choice of a proper transformer architecture such as sectionalised, bank winded, and interleaved was presented in [15]. In [16], a peak current‐controlled bidirectional flyback converter topology was proposed. In [17], an adaptive control method was presented which relies on measuring the rate of change of the voltage across the DEA in response to a step change.…”

Efficiency Optimization by Considering the High-Voltage Flyback Transformer Parasitics Using an Automatic Winding Layout Technique

“…1(a) is ideally equivalent to a capacitive load. When a DEAP actuator is driven with high voltage (2-2.5 kV), it converts a portion of the electrical energy into mechanical displacement, which is of the order of mm (~1-1.5 mm) [5]- [7]. Three of such axial DEAP actuators are used to create a DEAP incremental actuator [8] as shown in Fig.…”