New Immunotherapy Strategies in Breast Cancer

Yu, Linyu; Tang, Jie; Zhang, Congmin; Zeng, Wenjing; Yan, Han; Li, Mu-Peng; Chen, Xiaoping

doi:10.3390/ijerph14010068

Cited by 96 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Recently, many studies have found that inflammation and immunity play critical roles in tumor initiation, invasion, and metastasis [16]. Host anti-tumor immunity might offer a new strategy for curing BC [18,26,32]. The basic immune surveillance of the body and changes in systemic immune status, affect responses to therapy and even prognosis of BC patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prognosis and in differentiation of potential beneficiaries in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab therapy

Ding

Huang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Purpose: The relationship of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) are not well studied. We aimed to assess the prognostic role of NLR in HER2-positive BC patients treated with or without trastuzumab.Methods: The clinical data of 843 HER2-positive BC patients from July 2013 to July 2018 were collected. The difference among variables was calculated by chi-square test. The associations between clinicopathological factors, NLR and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results : Patients were divided into three groups. In group 1 containing 255 patients without trastuzumab treatment, pretreatment NLR showed no predictive value. Patients with trastuzumab treatment were divided into two groups on equal, according to pretreatment NLR values, low NLR (group 2) and high NLR (group 3). Patients in group 2 showed significantly higher 3-year DFS rate than patients in group 1 and group 3 (95.3% vs. 91.6% vs. 90.5%, respectively, P = 0.011); patients in the group 1 and group 3 had similar 3-year DFS outcome. Multivariate analysis showed high pretreatment NLR was significantly associated with shorter DFS (HR = 2.917, 95% CI=1.055-8.062, P = 0.039) in HER2-positive BC patients treated with trastuzumab. Conclusion : Among HER2-positive trastuzumab-treated BC patients, low pretreatment NLR value was associated with better DFS, and it might help to differentiate potential beneficiaries of trastuzumab treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prognosis and in differentiation of potential beneficiaries in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab therapy

Ding

Huang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Unfortunately, the newer targeted agents or modalities exhibit a similar frequency and severity of toxicities as traditional cytotoxic agents do, albeit with differences in preference for the organs/tissues that are involved . Many unanticipated short‐ and long‐term adverse effects on multiple organs/tissues have shown the limitations of the new therapies, although MTTs have improved the overall survival of cancer patients over the past two decades, and advanced immunotherapies are promising to improve the outcomes of certain types of cancers (ICIs and CART). Cardiac complications associated with cancer treatment represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research‐practice gaps, challenges, and insights

Zheng

Kros

2017

Medicinal Research Reviews

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To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune‐based therapeutic modalities of anticancer treatment (the fifth modality), e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, have unfortunately led to potentially lethal cardiotoxicity in patients. Cardiac complications represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors, while effective clinical management remains quite challenging. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality related to cardiac complications now threaten to offset some favorable benefits of modern cancer treatments in cancer‐related survival, regardless of the oncologic prognosis. This review focuses on identifying critical research‐practice gaps, addressing real‐world challenges and pinpointing real‐time insights in general terms under the context of clinical cardiotoxicity induced by the fourth and fifth modalities of cancer treatment. The information ranges from basic science to clinical management in the field of cardio‐oncology and crosses the interface between oncology and onco‐pharmacology. The complexity of the ongoing clinical problem is addressed at different levels. A better understanding of these research‐practice gaps may advance research initiatives on the development of mechanism‐based diagnoses and treatments for the effective clinical management of cardiotoxicity.

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“…Deaths occur despite conventional treatments and innovative techniques in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (Palathinkal et al, 2014). Attempting to reduce the death rate, new treatment modalities with low side effects and maximum efficacy are being investigated (Yu et al, 2017). One such treatment modality is immunotherapy, which is based on stimulating or priming the patient's immune system to attack malignant tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Bacterial Peptidoglycan on the Growth of Mouse Tumors in vivo and in vitro

Aintablian¹,

Jaber²,

Jallad³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Immunology

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Some members of the microbiota have been shown to be effective strategies for inhibiting tumor growth through stimulation of host anti-tumor immune responses. Anti-tumor immune effects were observed when Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), a member of the gut microbiota, was used to treat colorectal cancer in mice. Moreover, constituents of bacteria, including peptidoglycan (PG), have been shown to exhibit tumoricidal effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of Lp on serum levels of angiogenic and immunostimulatory cytokines in melanoma-bearing mice in vivo; as well as the effect of PG on the growth of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells in vitro. Fifty C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups. Prior to tumor implantation, Lp was administered via oral gavage for 2 weeks to the experimental group. After receiving subcutaneous injections of B16F10 melanoma cells, Lp administration was continued once per week for 3 weeks to the experimental group. After the last bacterial administration, serum levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) were determined by ELISA. Additionally, mice from both groups were monitored for survival. Moreover, B16F10 melanoma and EMT6 breast cancer cells were incubated separately with two PG concentrations for 48 h and percent viability was determined. A significant decrease in the serum levels of VEGF and a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-12 were observed in the group treated with Lp Moreover, 20% survival rate was noted in the group treated with Lp In vitro, a marked decrease in the viability of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells was observed 48 h post-incubation with PG. It appears that Lp possesses anti-tumor activity, by both stimulating the immune system and suppressing angiogenesis. Moreover, Lp appears to have a direct tumoricidal effect through PG.

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New Immunotherapy Strategies in Breast Cancer

Cited by 96 publications

References 92 publications

Roles of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prognosis and in differentiation of potential beneficiaries in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab therapy

Roles of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prognosis and in differentiation of potential beneficiaries in HER2-positive breast cancer with trastuzumab therapy

Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research‐practice gaps, challenges, and insights

The Effect of <i>Lactobacillus Plantarum </i>and Bacterial Peptidoglycan on the Growth of Mouse Tumors <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>

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