New image steganographic methods using run-length approach

Chang, Chin‐Chen; Lin, Chih-Yang; Wang, Yuzheng

doi:10.1016/j.ins.2006.02.008

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…If we perform run-length compressed encoding to the sequential might-be-inundated DEM grid cells in raster rows, we can mark all the might-be-inundated cells and store them in memory. Run-length encoding is a typical compressed method for raster data (Chang et al, 2006;He et al, 2011), which encodes the cells with the same value in compression. Every run-length only needs to mark the cells with where it starts and where it ends, which reduces the data storage needs remarkably.…”

Section: Inundated Grid Cells Storing and Labelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of 2-D hydraulic model and high-resolution lidar-derived DEM for floodplain flow modeling

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Cheng

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The rapid progress of lidar technology has made the acquirement and application of high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data increasingly popular, especially in regards to the study of floodplain flow. However, highresolution DEM data pose several disadvantages for floodplain modeling studies; e.g., the data sets contain many redundant interpolation points, large numbers of calculations are required to work with data, and the data do not match the size of the computational mesh. Two-dimensional (2-D) hydraulic modeling, which is a popular method for analyzing floodplain flow, offers highly precise elevation parameterization for computational mesh while ignoring much of the micro-topographic information of the DEM data itself. We offer a flood simulation method that integrates 2-D hydraulic model results and high-resolution DEM data, thus enabling the calculation of flood water levels in DEM grid cells through local inverse distance-weighted interpolation. To get rid of the false inundation areas during interpolation, it employs the run-length encoding method to mark the inundated DEM grid cells and determine the real inundation areas through the run-length boundary tracing technique, which solves the complicated problem of connectivity between DEM grid cells. We constructed a 2-D hydraulic model for the Gongshuangcha detention basin, which is a flood storage area of Dongting Lake in China, by using our integrated method to simulate the floodplain flow. The results demonstrate that this method can solve DEM associated problems efficiently and simulate flooding processes with greater accuracy than simulations only with DEM.

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Section: Inundated Grid Cells Storing and Labelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of 2-D hydraulic model and high-resolution lidar-derived DEM for floodplain flow modeling

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Cheng

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…3. And the differencing tables are also used in our experiment as shown in Table 2 where the range of [0,7], [8,15], [16,31], [32,63], [64,127], and [128,255] is used in the difference table and the series of pseudo−random numbers as secret data are used as embeddable message bits. We also apply the peak signal−to−noise ratio (PSNR) to evaluate the quality of stego−image in order to estimate the payload capacity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the communication since everybody is aware of the exchange of messages, thus, there is always a threat from a malicious attacker. In order to protect the message and to avoid revealing the message transmission, a steganography method has been proposed [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steganographic data hiding in image processing using predictive differencing

Weng

Tso²,

Wang

2012

Opto-Electronics Review

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In this paper, we propose a stenography scheme based on predictive differencing to embed data in a grey-image. In order to promote the embedding capacity of pixel-value differencing (PVD), we use differencing between a predictive value and an input pixel as the predictive differencing to embed the message where a predictive value is calculated by using various predictors. If the predictive differencing is large, then it means that the input pixel is located in the edge area and, thus, has a larger embedding capacity than the pixel in a smooth area. The experimental result shows that our proposed scheme is capable of providing greater embedding capacity and high quality of stego-images then previous works. Furthermore, we have also applied various predictors to evaluate our proposed scheme.

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“…The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4 when the embedding capacity is 80, 000 bits and 262, 144 bits, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed scheme also compares to [15,18] for the payload of about one hundred thousand, two hundred thousand and four hundred thousand binary images, respectively, shown in Table 5. From the comparison tables, we can find that our proposed scheme has high capacity and good image quality compared to the other schemes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2006, Chang et al [15] proposed two new image steganographic methods using the run-length approach. There are two methods, one is BRL (hiding bitmap files by run-length), which focuses on binary images, and the other is GRL (hiding general data files by run-length).…”

Section: Run-length Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Bit Data Hiding Scheme for Compressing Secret Messages

Kuo

Wuu

2015

Applied Sciences

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The goal of data hiding techniques usually considers two issues, embedding capacity and image quality. Consequently, in order to achieve high embedding capacity and good image quality, a data hiding scheme combining run-length encoding (RLE) with multi-bit embedding is proposed in this paper. This work has three major contributions. First, the embedding capacity is increased 62% because the secret message is compressed before embedding into the cover image. Secondly, the proposed scheme keeps the multi-bit generalized exploiting modification direction (MGEMD) characteristics, which are effective to reduce modified pixels in the cover image and to maintain good stego image quality. Finally, the proposed scheme can prevent modern steganalysis methods, such as RS steganalysis and SPAM (subtractive pixel adjacency matrix), and is compared to MiPOD (minimizing the power of the optimal detector) scheme. From our simulation results and security discussions, we have the following results: First, there are no perceivable differences between the cover images and stego images from human inspection. For example, the average PSNR of stego images is about 44.61 dB when the secret message (80,000 bits) is embedded for test cover images (such as airplane, baboon, Lena) of size 512×512. Secondly, Appl. Sci. 2015, 5 1034 on average, 222,087 pixels were not modified after embedding for the cover image. That is to say, 12% less pixels are modified as compared to the MGEMD method. From the performance discussions, the proposed scheme achieves high embedding capacity and good image quality, but also maintains stego image security.

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New image steganographic methods using run-length approach

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Integration of 2-D hydraulic model and high-resolution lidar-derived DEM for floodplain flow modeling

Integration of 2-D hydraulic model and high-resolution lidar-derived DEM for floodplain flow modeling

Steganographic data hiding in image processing using predictive differencing

Multi-Bit Data Hiding Scheme for Compressing Secret Messages

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